Tabel periodik (sel besar)
tabel periodik versi sel besar
Halaman ini menyajikan tabel periodik versi sel besar. Untuk masing-masing nama unsur, simbol, nomor atom, dan nilai rata-rata massa atom untuk komposisi isotop alami masing-masing unsur. Tabel periodik unsur kimia adalah metode tabular dalam penayangan unsur-unsur kimia.
Dua bentuk tata letak diturunkan dari dua bentuk presentasi grafis dari tabel periodik yang sama. Secara historis, ketika blok-f diidentifikasi, ia diletakkan di bawah tabel yang sekarang, dengan penanda untuk lokasi di dalam tabel (laman ini menggunakan noktah atau asterisk). Selain itu, penyajian yang umum adalah meletakkan 15 kolom lantanida dan aktinida di bawah, sementara blok f hanya memiliki 14 kolom. Lantanida dan aktinida kelima belas (paling kanan) adalah unsur blok-d, berada dalam golongan 3, bersama dengan skandium dan yttrium.
Meskipun pendahulu tabel ini ada, penemuannya umumnya dikreditkan kepada kimiawan Rusia Dmitri Mendeleev pada tahun 1869. Mendeleev menciptakan tabel untuk menggambarkan tren keberulangan ("periodik") sifat-sifat unsur kimia. Tata letak tabel telah berkali-kali diperhalus dan dikembangkan, karena adanya unsur-unsur baru yang ditemukan, dan model teoretis baru telah dikembangkan untuk menjelaskan perilaku kimia.[1]
| Content | |
|---|---|
| Tata letak 18 kolom | Tata letak 32 kolom |
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Tata letak 18 kolom
sunting| Tabel periodik (tata letak 18 kolom) | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Golongan → | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | |
| Logam alkali |
Logam alkali tanah | Golongan boron |
Golongan karbon |
Pniktogen | Kalkogen | Halogen | Gas mulia | ||||||||||||
| CAS: | IA | IIA | IIIB | IVB | VB | VIB | VIIB | VIIIB | IB | IIB | IIIA | IVA | VA | VIA | VIIA | VIIIA | |||
| IUPAC lama: | IA | IIA | IIIA | IVA | VA | VIA | VIIA | VIII | IB | IIB | IIIB | IVB | VB | VIB | VIIB | 0 | |||
↓ Periode
|
Hidrogen 1H 1,008 |
→ nama unsur nomor atom simbol berat atom standar(±) |
Helium 2He4,002602(2) | ||||||||||||||||
| 2 | Litium 3Li6,94 |
Berilium 4Be9,0121831(5) |
Boron 5B 10,81 |
Karbon 6C 12,011 |
Nitrogen 7N 14,007 |
Oksigen 8O 15,999 |
Fluorin 9F 18,998403163(6) |
Neon 10Ne20,1797(6) | |||||||||||
| 3 | Natrium 11Na22,98976928(2) |
Magnesium 12Mg24,305 |
Aluminium 13Al26,9815385(7) |
Silikon 14Si28,085 |
Fosforus 15P 30,973761998(5) |
Belerang 16S 32,06 |
Klorin 17Cl35,45 |
Argon 18Ar39,948(1) | |||||||||||
| 4 | Kalium 19K 39,0983(1) |
Kalsium 20Ca40,078(4) |
Skandium 21Sc44,955908(5) |
Titanium 22Ti47,867(1) |
Vanadium 23V 50,9415(1) |
Kromium 24Cr51,9961(6) |
Mangan 25Mn54,938044(3) |
Besi 26Fe55,845(2) |
Kobalt 27Co58,933194(4) |
Nikel 28Ni58,6934(4) |
Tembaga 29Cu63,546(3) |
Seng 30Zn65,38(2) |
Galium 31Ga69,723(1) |
Germanium 32Ge72,630(8) |
Arsen 33As74,921595(6) |
Selenium 34Se78,971(8) |
Bromin 35Br79,904 |
Kripton 36Kr83,798(2) | |
| 5 | Rubidium 37Rb85,.4678(3) |
Stronsium 38Sr87,62(1) |
Itrium 39Y 88,90584(2) |
Zirkonium 40Zr91,224(2) |
Niobium 41Nb92,90637(2) |
Molibdenum 42Mo95,95(1) |
Teknesium 43Tc[98] |
Rutenium 44Ru101,07(2) |
Rodium 45Rh102,90550(2) |
Paladium 46Pd106,42(1) |
Perak 47Ag107,8682(2) |
Kadmium 48Cd112,414(4) |
Indium 49In114,818(1) |
Timah 50Sn118,710(7) |
Antimon 51Sb121,760(1) |
Telurium 52Te127,60(3) |
Iodin 53 I 126,90447(3) |
Xenon 54Xe131,293(6) | |
| 6 | Sesium 55Cs132,90545196(6) |
Barium 56Ba137,327(7) |
Lantanum 57La138,90547(7) |
58–71 
|
Hafnium 72Hf178,49(2) |
Tantalum 73Ta180,94788(2) |
Wolfram 74W183,84(1) |
Renium 75Re186,207(1) |
Osmium 76Os190,23(3) |
Iridium 77Ir192,217(3) |
Platina 78Pt195,084(9) |
Emas 79Au196,966569(5) |
Raksa 80Hg200,592(3) |
Talium 81Tl204,38 |
Timbal 82Pb207,2(1) |
Bismut 83Bi208,98040(1) |
Polonium 84Po[209] |
Astatin 85At[210] |
Radon 86Rn[222] |
| 7 | Fransium 87Fr[223] |
Radium 88Ra[226] |
Aktinium 89Ac[227] |
90–103 
|
Ruterfordium 104Rf[267] |
Dubnium 105Db[268] |
Seaborgium 106Sg[269] |
Bohrium 107Bh[270] |
Hasium 108Hs[277] |
Meitnerium 109Mt[278] |
Darmstadtium 110Ds[281] |
Roentgenium 111Rg[282] |
Kopernisium 112Cn[285] |
Nihonium 113Nh[286] |
Flerovium 114Fl[289] |
Moskovium 115Mc[290] |
Livermorium 116Lv[293] |
Tenesin 117Ts[294] |
Oganeson 118Og[294] |
|
Serium 58Ce140,116(1) |
Praseodimium 59Pr140,90766(2) |
Neodimium 60Nd144,242(3) |
Prometium 61Pm[145] |
Samarium 62Sm150,36(2) |
Europium 63Eu151,964(1) |
Gadolinium 64Gd157,25(3) |
Terbium 65Tb158,92535(2) |
Disprosium 66Dy162,500(1) |
Holmium 67Ho164,93033(2) |
Erbium 68Er167,259(3) |
Tulium 69Tm168,93422(2) |
Iterbium 70Yb173,045(10) |
Lutesium 71Lu174,9668(1) | |||||
|
|
Torium 90Th232,0377(4) |
Protaktinium 91Pa231,03588(2) |
Uranium 92U 238,02891(3) |
Neptunium 93Np[237] |
Plutonium 94Pu[244] |
Amerisium 95Am[243] |
Kurium 96Cm[247] |
Berkelium 97Bk[247] |
Kalifornium 98Cf[251] |
Einsteinium 99Es[252] |
Fermium 100Fm[257] |
Mendelevium 101Md[258] |
Nobelium 102No[259] |
Lawrensium 103Lr[266] | |||||
Legend
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Tata letak 32 kolom
sunting| Tabel periodik (Tata letak 32 kolom) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Golongan → | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | 16 | 17 | 18 | ||||||||||||||
| Logam alkali |
Logam alkali tanah | Golongan boron |
Golongan karbon |
Pniktogen | Kalkogen | Halogen | Gas mulia | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| CAS: | IA | IIA | IIIB | IVB | VB | VIB | VIIB | VIIIB | IB | IIB | IIIA | IVA | VA | VIA | VIIA | VIIIA | ||||||||||||||||
| IUPAC lama: | IA | IIA | IIIA | IVA | VA | VIA | VIIA | VIII | IB | IIB | IIIB | IVB | VB | VIB | VIIB | 0 | ||||||||||||||||
| ↓ Periode | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 1 | Hidrogen 1H 1,008 |
→ nama unsur nomor atom simbol berat atom standar(±) |
Helium 2He4,002602(2) | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2 | Lithium 3Li6,94 |
Berilium 4Be9,0121831(5) |
Boron 5B 10,81 |
Karbon 6C 12,011 |
Nitrogen 7N 14,007 |
Oksigen 8O 15,999 |
Fluor 9F 18,998403163(6) |
Neon 10Ne20,1797(6) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 3 | Natrium 11Na22,98976928(2) |
Magnesium 12Mg24,305 |
Aluminium 13Al26,9815385(7) |
Silikon 14Si28,085 |
Fosfor 15P 30,973761998(5) |
Belerang 16S 32,06 |
Klor 17Cl35,45 |
Argon 18Ar39,948(1) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| 4 | Kalium 19K 39,0983(1) |
Kalsium 20Ca40,078(4) |
Skandium 21Sc44,955908(5) |
Titanium 22Ti47,867(1) |
Vanadium 23V 50,9415(1) |
Krom 24Cr51,9961(6) |
Mangan 25Mn54,938044(3) |
Besi 26Fe55,845(2) |
Kobalt 27Co58,933194(4) |
Nikel 28Ni58,6934(4) |
Tembaga 29Cu63,546(3) |
Seng 30Zn65,38(2) |
Galium 31Ga69,723(1) |
Germanium 32Ge72,630(8) |
Arsenik 33As74,921595(6) |
Selenium 34Se78,971(8) |
Brom 35Br79,904 |
Kripton 36Kr83,798(2) | ||||||||||||||
| 5 | Rubidium 37Rb85,4678(3) |
Stronsium 38Sr87,62(1) |
Yttrium 39Y 88,90584(2) |
Zirkonium 40Zr91,224(2) |
Niobium 41Nb92,90637(2) |
Molibdenum 42Mo95,95(1) |
Teknesium 43Tc[98] |
Ruthenium 44Ru101,07(2) |
Rhodium 45Rh102,90550(2) |
Paladium 46Pd106,42(1) |
Perak 47Ag107,8682(2) |
Kadmium 48Cd112,414(4) |
Indium 49In114,818(1) |
Timah 50Sn118,710(7) |
Antimon 51Sb121,760(1) |
Telurium 52Te127,60(3) |
Iod 53 I 126,90447(3) |
Xenon 54Xe131,293(6) | ||||||||||||||
| 6 | Cesium 55Cs132,90545196(6) |
Barium 56Ba137,327(7) |
Lantanum 57La138,90547(7) |
Cerium 58Ce140,116(1) |
Praseodymium 59Pr140,90766(2) |
Neodymium 60Nd144,242(3) |
Promethium 61Pm[145] |
Samarium 62Sm150,36(2) |
Europium 63Eu151,964(1) |
Gadolinium 64Gd157,25(3) |
Terbium 65Tb158,92535(2) |
Dysprosium 66Dy162,500(1) |
Holmium 67Ho164,93033(2) |
Erbium 68Er167,259(3) |
Thulium 69Tm168,93422(2) |
Ytterbium 70Yb173,045(10) |
Lutetium 71Lu174,9668(1) |
Hafnium 72Hf178,49(2) |
Tantalum 73Ta180,94788(2) |
Tungsten 74W 183,84(1) |
Rhenium 75Re186,207(1) |
Osmium 76Os190,23(3) |
Iridium 77Ir192,217(3) |
Platina 78Pt195,084(9) |
Emas 79Au196,966569(5) |
Raksa 80Hg200,592(3) |
Thallium 81Tl204,38 |
Timbal 82Pb207,2(1) |
Bismut 83Bi208,98040(1) |
Polonium 84Po[209] |
Astatin 85At[210] |
Radon 86Rn[222] |
| 7 | Fransium 87Fr[223] |
Radium 88Ra[226] |
Aktinium 89Ac[227] |
Thorium 90Th232,0377(4) |
Protaktinium 91Pa231,03588(2) |
Uranium 92U 238,02891(3) |
Neptunium 93Np[237] |
Plutonium 94Pu[244] |
Americium 95Am[243] |
Curium 96Cm[247] |
Berkelium 97Bk[247] |
Californium 98Cf[251] |
Einsteinium 99Es[252] |
Fermium 100Fm[257] |
Mendelevium 101Md[258] |
Nobelium 102No[259] |
Lawrencium 103Lr[266] |
Rutherfordium 104Rf[267] |
Dubnium 105Db[268] |
Seaborgium 106Sg[269] |
Bohrium 107Bh[270] |
Hassium 108Hs[269] |
Meitnerium 109Mt[278] |
Darmstadtium 110Ds[281] |
Roentgenium 111Rg[282] |
Copernicium 112Cn[285] |
Nihonium 113Nh[286] |
Flerovium 114Fl[289] |
Moscovium 115Mc[289] |
Livermorium 116Lv[293] |
Tennessine 117Ts[294] |
Oganesson 118Og[294] |
Legend
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Referensi
sunting- IUPAC periodic table (Retrieved 20 June 2005)
- WebElements Periodic table (professional edition) (Retrieved 20 June 2005)
- Atomic Weights of the Elements 2001, Pure Appl. Chem. 75(8), 1107–1122, 2003
- IUPAC Standard Atomic Weights Revised Diarsipkan 2008-03-05 di Wayback Machine. (2005).
- IUPAC Quantities, Units and Symbols in Physical Chemistry Third Edition
Catatan
sunting- ^ "The periodic table of the elements". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 2007-07-22. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2008-02-13. Diakses tanggal 2008-02-08.