Willie Nelson
Willie Hugh Nelson (lahir 29 April 1933) adalah penyanyi, penulis lagu, musisi, aktor, produser, penulis, penyair, dan aktivis asal Amerika Serikat.[1] Popularitas album Shotgun Willie (1973), Red Headed Stranger (1975), dan Stardust (1978) membuat Nelson tampil sebagai salah satu penyanyi musik country ternama. Ia salah satu tokoh utama outlaw country, subgenre musik country yang berkembang pada akhir 1960-an sebagai tanggapan atas pembatasan suara Nashville. Nelson memerankan tokoh di lebih dari 30 film, menulis beberapa buku, dan aktif memperjuangkan pemakaian bahan bakar hayati dan legalisasi ganja.
Nelson lahir pada masa Depresi Besar dan dibesarkan oleh kakek-neneknya. Ia menulis lagu pertamanya pada usia tujuh tahun dan menjadi anggota band pertamanya pada usia sepuluh tahun. Semasa SMA, ia menjadi vokalis dan gitaris Bohemian Polka dan sering konser di seputaran daerahnya. Setelah lulus sekolah tahun 1950, ia mendaftar di Angkatan Udara AS, lalu diberhentikan karena masalah kesehatan. Nelson kemudian kuliah di Universitas Baylor selama dua tahun, tetapi berhenti karena ingin fokus ke karier musiknya. Ia menjadi DJ di stasiun-stasiun radio Texas dan penyanyi di bar country. Nelson pindah ke Vancouver, Washington, kemudian menulis "Family Bible" dan merekam "Lumberjack" pada tahun 1956. Ia juga menjadi DJ di sejumlah stasiun radio di Vancouver dan Portland, Oregon. Pada tahun 1958, ia pindah ke Houston, Texas, setelah menandatangani kontrak dengan D Records. Ia menyanyi di Esquire Ballroom setiap minggu dan menjadi DJ. Waktu itu, ia menulis lagu-lagu yang kelak menjadi lagu standar country, antara lain "Funny How Time Slips Away", "Hello Walls", "Pretty Paper", dan "Crazy". Tahun 1960, ia pindah Nashville, Tennessee, dan membuat kontrak rekaman dengan Pamper Music. Ia pun bergabung menjadi pemain bass di band-nya Ray Price. Tahun 1962, ia merekam album pertamanya, ...And Then I Wrote. Berkat kesuksesan album ini, Nelson masuk label RCA Victor tahun 1964 dan bergabung di Grand Ole Opry pada tahun berikutnya. Setelah mencetak lagu-lagu populer pada akhir 1960-an dan awal 1970-an, Nelson pensiun tahun 1972 dan pindah ke Austin, Texas. Skena musik yang sedang naik daun di Austin mendorong Nelson untuk aktif kembali. Ia sering menyanyi di Armadillo World Headquarters.
Pada tahun 1973, setelah dikontrak oleh Atlantic Records, Nelson kembali berfokus ke genre outlaw country dan merilis sejumlah album, termasuk Shotgun Willie dan Phases and Stages. Tahun 1975, ia pindah ke Columbia Records dan merekam album Red Headed Stranger. Pada tahun itu juga, ia merekam album outlaw country Wanted! The Outlaws bersama Waylon Jennings, Jessi Colter, dan Tompall Glaser. Sepanjang pertengahan 1980-an, sambil mencetak album-album hit seperti Honeysuckle Rose dan merekam lagu-lagu hit seperti "On the Road Again", "To All the Girls I've Loved Before", dan "Pancho and Lefty", ia bergabung dengan supergrup country The Highwaymen mendampingi Johnny Cash, Waylon Jennings, dan Kris Kristofferson.
Pada tahun 1990, aset-aset Nelson disita oleh Dinas Pajak Amerika Serikat yang mengklaim dirinya menunggak $32 juta. Nelson kesulitan membayar utang karena terlibat sejumlah investasi lemah pada 1980-an. Tahun 1992, Nelson merilis The IRS Tapes: Who'll Buy My Memories?; utangnya dilunasi oleh pendapatan dari album ganda ini serta pelelangan aset Nelson. Sepanjang 1990-an dan 2000-an, Nelson rajin mengadakan tur dan merilis album setiap tahun. Rata-rata ulasan albumnya positif dan campur aduk. Nelson mengeksplorasi berbagai genre seperti reggae, blues, jazz, dan folk.
Nelson mengawali karier filmnya di The Electric Horseman (1979), kemudian tampil di berbagai film dan acara televisi. Ia adalah aktivis liberal yang vokal sekaligus ketua dewan penasihat National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML), organisasi advokasi legalisasi ganja. Ia memiliki merek bio-diesel Willie Nelson Biodiesel yang terbuat dari minyak nabati. Nelson juga merupakan ketua kehormatan dewan penasihat Texas Music Project, badan amal musik milik pemerintah Texas.
Biografi
suntingMasa kecil hingga awal karier
suntingNelson lahir dan dibesarkan di Abbott, Texas sebagai anak Myrle Marie (nama gadis: Greenhaw) dan Ira Doyle Nelson yang bekerja sebagai montir dan pemilik rumah biliar.[2][3] Kakek dan neneknya yang bernama William A. Nelson dan Nancy Elizabeth Smothers memberi Willie pelajaran musik yang dibeli dari pesanan lewat pos sejak usianya masih enam tahun. Ia menciptakan lagu pertamanya pada usia 7 tahun, dan sudah main di band lokal ketika berumur 9 tahun.[4] Willie bermain gitar, sementara adik perempuannya Bobbie memainkan piano. Ia bertemu pemain biola Bud Fletcher, dan Willie dan Bobbie ikut dengan band milik Fletcher yang bernama Bohemian Fiddlers ketika duduk di bangku sekolah menengah atas. Semasa di SMA, ia sudah aktif dalam organisasi Future Farmers of America.
Sejak di sekolah menengah Nelson sudah bekerja sebagai disc jockey di stasiun radio lokal. Sambil menjadi DJ di radio KHBR Hillsboro, Texas, dan kemudian KBOP di Pleasanton, Texas, Nelson menyanyi di bar-bar honky tonk setempat.[5]
Nelson lulus dari Abbott High School pada tahun 1951. Ia bergabung dengan Angkatan Udara Amerika Serikat pada tahun yang sama, namun setelah 9 bulan berdinas dibebastugaskan karena menderita masalah punggung.[6] Ia lalu sempat kuliah di jurusan pertanian Universitas Baylor selama setahun pada 1954.
Nelson pindah ke Vancouver, Washington pada tahun 1956 untuk memulai karier musik, dan merekam lagu "Lumberjack" ciptaan Leon Payne. Lagu tersebut terjual cukup baik, namun tidak berhasil mengorbitkan kariernya. Nelson terus melanjutkan kerja sebagai penyiar radio di Vancouver dan menyanyi di kelab-kelab. Ia menjual sebuah lagu ciptaannya, "Family Bible" seharga $100, dan tidak disangka-sangka berhasil menjadi lagu hit bagi Claude Gray pada tahun 1960. Lagu tersebut di kemudian hari banyak didaur ulang oleh penyanyi lainnya, dan sering dianggap lagu klasik dalam musik gospel.
Menjadi pencipta lagu populer
suntingPada 1960, Nelson pindah ke Nashville, tetapi tidak berhasil mendapatkan kontrak rekaman. Kontrak yang diperolehnya adalah kontrak mencipta lagu dengan Pamper Music. Setelah Ray Price merekam lagu Nelson, "Night Life" (kemungkinan lagu country yang paling sering didaur ulang sepanjang sejarah), Nelson bergabung sebagai pemain bas dengan band Price yang melakukan pertunjukan keliling. Ketika bermain untuk Ray Price and the Cherokee Cowboys, lagu-lagu pop dan country ciptaan Nelson banyak yang menjadi lagu hit. Di antara lagu-lagu ciptaannya yang menjadi populer di tangan penyanyi top adalah "Funny How Time Slips Away" (Billy Walker), "Hello Walls" (Faron Young), "Pretty Paper" (Roy Orbison), dan "Crazy" (Patsy Cline). Album San Antonio Rose nantinya dibuat Willie bersama Ray Price pada tahun 1980.
Nelson mendapat kontrak rekaman dari Liberty Records pada tahun 1961, dan merilis sejumlah singel, termasuk "Willingly" (duet bersama Shirley Collie yang nantinya dinikahi sebagai istri kedua) dan "Touch Me".
Dengan bermodalkan suara saja, Nelson tidak mampu meyakinkan produser rekaman di Nashville, dan ia tidak kunjung diorbitkan sebagai penyanyi. Pita demo yang dibuatnya dari awal karier sebagai pencipta lagu untuk Pamper Music nantinya ditemukan kembali dan dirilis sebagai album Crazy: The Demo Sessions (2003).
Kehidupan pribadi
suntingNelson telah menikah sebanyak empat kali dan memiliki tujuh anak.[7] Ia pertama kali menikah dengan Martha Matthews sejak 1952 hingga 1962. Mereka memiliki tiga anak: Lana, Susie, dan Willie "Billy" Hugh, Jr; Billy bunuh diri pada tahun 1991.[8] Pernikahan pertamanya dipenuhi kekerasan; Matthews menyerang Nelson beberapa kali,[9] salah satunya ketika ia menjahit Nelson dengan seprai dan memukulinya dengan sapu.[10] Nelson kemudian menikah dengan Shirley Collie pada tahun 1963. Mereka bercerai tahun 1971 setelah Collie menemukan tagihan rumah sakit yang ditembuskan ke Nelson dan Connie Koepke untuk operasi persalinan Paula Carlene Nelson.[9] Nelson menikahi Koepke pada tahun itu juga dan mereka memiliki seorang putri, Amy Lee Nelson. Setelah bercerai tahun 1988, ia menikahi Annie D'Angelo pada 1991. Mereka memiliki dua putra, Lukas Autry dan Jacob Micah.[11]
Warisan
suntingNelson dikenal sebagai ikon Amerika Serikat.[12][13] Namanya masuk Country Music Hall of Fame pada tahun 1993.[14] Ia menerima Kennedy Center Honors tahun 1998.[15] Pada 2011, Nelson masuk National Agricultural Hall of Fame atas keterlibatannya di Farm Aid dan kegiatan penggalangan dana untuk petani.[16] Tahun 2015, Nelson dianugerahi Gershwin Prize, penghargaan seumur hidup dari Library of Congress.[17] Tahun 2018, The Texas Institute of Letters mengangkat Nelson sebagai anggota atas jasanya dalam penulisan lagu.[18] Rolling Stone mencantumkan Nelson dalam daftar 100 Greatest Singers dan 100 Greatest Guitarists.[19][20]
Diskografi
sunting- Album studio solo
- ...And Then I Wrote (1962)
- Here's Willie Nelson (1963)
- Country Willie: His Own Songs (1965)
- Country Favorites: Willie Nelson Style (1966)
- Make Way for Willie Nelson (1967)
- The Party's Over (1967)
- Texas in My Soul (1968)
- Good Times (1968)
- My Own Peculiar Way (1969)
- Both Sides Now (1970)
- Laying My Burdens Down (1970)
- Willie Nelson & Family (1971)
- Yesterday's Wine (1971)
- The Words Don't Fit the Picture (1972)
- The Willie Way (1972)
- Shotgun Willie (1973)
- Phases and Stages (1974)
- Red Headed Stranger (1975)
- The Sound in Your Mind (1976)
- The Troublemaker (1976)
- To Lefty from Willie (1977)
- Stardust (1978)
- Willie Nelson Sings Kristofferson (1979)
- One for the Road with Leon Russell (1979)
- Pretty Paper (1979)
- Family Bible (1980)
- Somewhere Over the Rainbow (1981)
- Always on My Mind (1982)
- Tougher Than Leather (1983)
- Without a Song (1983)
- City of New Orleans (1984)
- Angel Eyes (1984)
- Me & Paul (1985)
- Partners (1986)
- The Promiseland (1986)
- Island in the Sea (1987)
- What a Wonderful World (1988)
- A Horse Called Music (1989)
- Born for Trouble (1990)
- The IRS Tapes: Who'll Buy My Memories? (1992)
- Across the Borderline (1993)
- Moonlight Becomes You (1994)
- Healing Hands of Time (1994)
- Just One Love (1994)
- Spirit (1996)
- Teatro (1998)
- Night and Day (1999)
- Me and the Drummer (2000)
- Milk Cow Blues (2000)
- Rainbow Connection (2001)
- The Great Divide (2002)
- Nacogdoches (2004)
- It Always Will Be (2004)
- Countryman (2005)
- You Don't Know Me: The Songs of Cindy Walker (2006)
- Songbird (2006)
- Moment of Forever (2008)
- American Classic (2009)
- Country Music (2010)
- Remember Me, Vol. 1 (2011)
- Heroes (2012)
- Let's Face the Music and Dance (2013)
- To All the Girls... (2013)
- Band of Brothers (2014)
- Summertime: Willie Nelson Sings Gershwin (2016)
- For the Good Times: A Tribute to Ray Price (2016)
- God's Problem Child (2017)
- Last Man Standing (2018)
- My Way (2018)
- Ride Me Back Home (2019)
Filmografi
suntingDaftar pustaka
sunting- Willie: An Autobiography, Simon & Schuster, 1988, with Bud Shrake
- The Facts of Life and Other Dirty Jokes, Random House, 2002
- Farm Aid: A Song for America, Rodale Books, foreword by Willie Nelson, 2005
- The Tao of Willie: A Guide to the Happiness in Your Heart, Gotham, 2006, with Turk Pipkin
- On the Clean Road Again: Biodiesel and the Future of the Family Farm, Fulcrum Publishing, 2007
- A Tale Out of Luck (a novel), Center Street, 2008, with Mike Blakely
- Roll Me Up and Smoke Me When I Die: Musings From the Road, William Morrow, foreword by Kinky Friedman, 2012
- It's a Long Story: My Life, Little, Brown and Company, 2015 with David Ritz
- Pretty Paper, Penguin Random House, 2016 with David Ritz
Lihat pula
suntingReferensi
suntingCatatan kaki
sunting- ^ "Club Luck - Home". Willienelson.com.
- ^ Willie Nelson Biography (1933-).
- ^ "Salinan arsip". Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2009-01-14. Diakses tanggal 2010-03-20.
- ^ Patoski, Joe Nick. "The Gospel According to Willie", Texas Co-op Power, May 2008, p. 9.
- ^ 107.1 KGSR - Radio Austin Interview.
- ^ "Willie Nelson". famoustexans.com.
- ^ Hollabaugh, Lorie 2010.
- ^ Hall, Michael 2008.
- ^ a b Cartwright, Gary 2000, hlm. 276.
- ^ Goldman, Andrew 2012.
- ^ Riggs, Thomas 2007, hlm. 239.
- ^ PBS staff 2011.
- ^ Hamilton, Reeve 2010.
- ^ Edwards, Joe 1993.
- ^ Kennedy Center staff 2011.
- ^ Treolo, Melissa 2011.
- ^ Leahey, Andrew 2015.
- ^ Merschel, Michael 2018.
- ^ Rolling Stone staff 2010.
- ^ Rolling Stone staff 2011.
Sumber
sunting- Alkek Library staff. Alkek Library. Largest Willie Nelson collection now at Texas State; September 22, 2010 [cited February 20, 2011].
- Allmusic staff (2008). "The Electric Horseman". Rovi Corporation. Diakses tanggal February 8, 2011.
- Allmovie staff (2011). "Willie Nelson". AllMovie. Rovi Corporation. Diakses tanggal February 14, 2011.
- Amter, Charlie. Willie Nelson Dodges Jail in Texas. The Hollywood Reporter. June 7, 2011 [cited June 7, 2011].
- Asker, Jim. No 'Problem': Willie Nelson's New Album Bows at No. 1. Billboard. May 9, 2017 [cited May 10, 2017]. Nielsen Business Media, Inc.
- Associated Press staff. Willie Nelson cancels concerts. USA Today. May 13, 2002 [cited May 22, 2011]. Associated Press.
- Associated Press staff (January 14, 2005). "Willie Nelson Bets on Biodiesel". Wired Magazine. Condé Nast Publications. Associated Press. Diakses tanggal March 27, 2011.
- Associated Press staff. The pigtails are gone: Willie Nelson cuts his hair. Las Cruces Sun-News. May 26, 2010 [archived August 2, 2010; cited February 15, 2011]. MediaNews Group.
- Associated Press staff. Willie Nelson Arrested for Marijuana Possession. The Boot. November 27, 2010 [cited February 27, 2011]. Associated Press. AOL.
- Associated Press staff. Matthew McConaughey and others celebrate Willie Nelson. April 27, 2014 [cited April 27, 2014]. Associated Press. Fox News.
- BBC News staff. Willie Nelson stages tsunami gig. BBC News. January 10, 2005 [cited February 15, 2011]. BBC.
- BBC News staff (May 28, 2010). "Willie Nelson to have street named after him in Texas". BBC. BBC News. Diakses tanggal March 27, 2011.
- Billboard. December 25, 1976 [Diambil February 8, 2011];88(52).
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- Biography staff. A&E Television Networks.. Toby Keith Biography; 2011 [archived July 4, 2011; cited February 15, 2011].
- BMI Staff. BMI Cheers 'Beer for My Horses' with Willie, Toby and Scotty. BMI. July 15, 2003 [cited February 15, 2011]. Broadcast Music, Inc.
- Bush, Johnny; Mitchell, Rick (2007). Whiskey River (Take My Mind): The True Story of Texas Honky-Tonk. University of Texas Tech. ISBN 978-0-292-71490-8.
- Briscoe Center staff. Briscoe Center Acquires Willie Nelson Collection. Dolph Briscoe Center for American History. May 8, 2014 [archived 2020-05-19; cited May 9, 2014]. The University of Texas at Austin.
- Car Connection staff. Kinky Friedman To Name Willie Nelson as Texas Energy Czar. The Car Connection. [cited February 2, 2011].[pranala nonaktif permanen]
- Carter, Jimmy. Willie cuts his hair; May 26, 2010.
- Cartwright, Gary (2000). Turn Out the Lights: Chronicles of Texas in the 80's and 90's. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-71226-3.
- Carey, Brian. Shopping.com, Inc.. Legendary Food, Legendary Service, and Legendary People; September 28, 2003 [archived February 19, 2011; cited February 14, 2011].
- Caulfield, Phillip. Judge says request for Willie Nelson to sing 'Blue Eyes' in court was a joke. Daily News (New York). March 30, 2011 [archived 2011-04-02; cited April 4, 2011]. News Wire Services.
- CBS Music staff. Last.fm Trends: Willie Nelson's On Grammy Road Again. Last.fm. February 3, 2011 [archived 2011-02-22; cited May 22, 2011]. CBS.
- Chagollan, Steve. Willie Nelson launches Luck Films: Musician-actor in joint venture that aims to make up to five pics a year. March 15, 2010 [cited November 27, 2012].
- Chilton, Martin. Willie Nelson interview: Don't fret about the end of the world. The Telegraph. December 14, 2012 [cited December 14, 2012]. Telegraph Media Group Limited.
- Chilton, Martin. Willie Nelson gets 5th-degree black belt at 81. The Daily Telegraph (London). April 29, 2014 [cited April 30, 2014].
- Chapman, Roger (2010). Culture wars: an encyclopedia of issues, viewpoints, and voices, Volume 1. M.E. Sharpe. ISBN 978-0-7656-1761-3. Diakses tanggal July 5, 2011.
- Cohen, Jason. Win the Weekend: Was Willie's Case Ever Settled?. Texas Monthly. February 3, 2012 [cited April 9, 2013]. Emmis Communications, Inc.
- Cooper, Peter. Buddy Cannon witnesses Willie Nelson's magic. The Tennessean. June 26, 2014 [cited July 1, 2014]. Gannett Co., Inc.
- Cowan, Alison Leigh. Willie Nelson Hopes for a Hit; So Does the I.R.S. The New York Times. September 2, 1991 [cited February 15, 2011]. The New York Times Company. "$32 million bill for delinquent taxes ... pay for the $45 million lawsuit Mr. Nelson filed last year against his former accountants at Price Waterhouse, who he contends put him into ill-advised tax shelters. The Government ruled against many of the tax shelters, and the I.R.S. later disallowed many of the tax benefits that Mr. Nelson claimed."
- Dayton Peace Museum staff (2010). "Dayton International Peace Museum". Dayton International Peace Museum. Dayton International Peace Museum. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal July 25, 2011. Diakses tanggal 2015-05-15.
- Dicair, David (2007). The First Generation of Country Music Stars. McFarland. ISBN 978-0-7864-3021-5.
- Dingus, Anne (1992). "Ernest Tubb Goes Electric and 51 More Moments to Remember Texas' Rich Musical Past". Texas Monthly. Vol. 19 no. 2. Emmis Communications. ISSN 0148-7736.
- Donahue, Ann (June 23, 2010). "Tupac, Willie Nelson, R.E.M. Among Inductees To National Recording Register". Billboard. Prometheus Global Media. Diakses tanggal February 14, 2011.
- Texas Monthly. May 1991 [Diambil February 8, 2011];19(5):100.
- Dunn, Jill. Etrucker. A Creditor forecloses Willie's Place [archived July 10, 2011; cited February 15, 2011].
- Durchholz, Daniel; Graff, Gary (2010). Neil Young: Long May You Run. Voyageur Press. ISBN 978-0-7603-3647-2. Diakses tanggal May 24, 2011.
- Edwards, David; Callahan, Mike (2001). "The Liberty Records Story". Both Sides Now. Both Sides Now Publications. Diakses tanggal February 7, 2011.
- Edwards, Gavin (2015). "'We Are the World': A Minute-by-Minute Breakdown on Its 30th Anniversary". Rolling Stone. Wenner Media LLC. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-05-06. Diakses tanggal May 15, 2015.
- Edwards, Joe (September 30, 1993). "Willie Nelson inducted in Hall of Fame". Bangor Daily News. Bangor Publishing Company. Associated Press. Diakses tanggal May 23, 2011.
- Everett, Christina. Willie Nelson haircut: Country singer chops off trademark long tresses and debuts shorter new look. New York Daily News. May 27, 2010 [archived 2010-08-20; cited February 15, 2011]. Mortimer Zuckerman.
- Encyclopædia Britannica staff (2011). "Willie Nelson (American musician)". Encyclopædia Britannica. Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.
- Entertainment One staff (2003). Ringo Rama (Booklet). Ringo Starr. Koch, Entertainment One. 038 411-0, 038 412–2, 038 413–9.
- Erlewine, Michael (1997). All Music Guide to Country: The Experts' Guide to the Best Recordings in Country Music. Miller Freeman. ISBN 978-0-87930-475-1.
- Erlewine Stephen Thomas (2000). "VH1 Storytellers". AllMusic. Diakses tanggal February 14, 2011.
- Erlewine, Stephen Thomas (2005). "WWII". Rovi Corporation. Diakses tanggal February 8, 2011.
- Erlewine, Stephen Thomas (2007). "Shotgun Willie/Phases and Stages". Rovi Corporation. Diakses tanggal February 20, 2011.
- Erlewine, Stephen Thomas (2008). "The Troublemaker – Willie Nelson". Rovi Corporation. Diakses tanggal May 18, 2015.
- Erlewine, Stephen Thomas (2010). "Country Music: Billboard albums". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. Diakses tanggal July 3, 2011.
- Erlewine, Stephen Thomas (2015). "Willie Nelson – Biography". Allmusic. Rovi Corporation. Diakses tanggal May 20, 2015.
- Evans, Mike (2006). Country Music Facts, Figures & Fun. AAPPL. hlm. 70. ISBN 978-1-904332-53-4. Diakses tanggal June 21, 2011.
- Evans-Price, Deborah. AOL Inc. Willie Nelson Delivers True 'Country Music'; April 21, 2010 [cited May 22, 2011].
- Farm Aid Staff (2011). "Past concerts – Farm Aid". Farm Aid. Farm Aid. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal May 23, 2011. Diakses tanggal February 14, 2011.
- Fort Worth Star-telegram staff. 'Nelson Highway' isn't a hit with GOP; April 28, 2005 [cited March 27, 2011].
- George-Warren, Holly; Hoekstra, Dave (October 7, 2005). Farm Aid: A Song for America. Rodale Books. ISBN 978-1-59486-285-4.
- Goddard, Steve. Willie Nelson's Mug Shot From Last Friday Night. 94.5 KOOL FM. November 30, 2010 [archived July 12, 2012; cited June 13, 2011]. CBS Radio Inc..
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- Hann, Michael. Willie Nelson: 'If We Made Marijuana Legal, We'd Save a Whole Lotta Money and Lives'. The Guardian. May 17, 2012 [cited May 20, 2012]. Guardian News and Media Ltd.
- Grigoriadis, Vannessa. Move to a Fantasy Island. New York Magazine. January 14, 2007;40(1–7).
- Guardian Music staff (March 27, 2015). "Willie Nelson to open chain of marijuana stores". Guardian Music. Guardian News and Media Limited. Diakses tanggal March 27, 2015.
- Habitat for Horses staff (2011). "Habitat for Horses signature series". Habitat for Horses. Habitat for Horses. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal October 3, 2011. Diakses tanggal March 27, 2011.
- Hachette staff (2015). It's a Long Story: My Life by Willie Nelson. Hachette Book Group. : Little, Brown and Company. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal May 9, 2015. Diakses tanggal January 26, 2015.
- Hall, Michael. Willie's God! Willie's God! We Love Willie!. Texas Monthly. May 1, 2008 [cited April 12, 2011]. Emmis Communications.
- Hall, Michael. Master Nelson Receives His Black Belt. Texas Monthly. April 30, 2014 [cited April 30, 2014]. Emmis Communications.
- Hamilton, Reeve. Willie Nelson Ad for Kinky Friedman Valued Highly. The Texas Tribune. [cited February 22, 2011]. The Texas Tribune.
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- Heim, Joe (2015). "Willie Nelson keeps on rollin'". Washington Post Magazine. The Washington Post. Diakses tanggal November 13, 2015.
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- Hollabaugh, Lorie. AOL Inc.. Willie Nelson Still Cares for His 'Additional Wives'; May 5, 2010 [cited February 22, 2011].
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- Kane, Coleen. Woody Harrelson plans a 40-day desert-island starvation. Plenty. May 30, 2008 [cited September 20, 2011]. MNN Holdings, LLC.
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- Kienzle, Richard (2003). Southwest Shuffle: Pioneers of Honky-Tonk, Western Swing, and Country Jazz. Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-94103-7.
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- Krebs, Albin. A Nelson Slowdown. The New York Times. August 25, 1981 [cited April 11, 2011].
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- Laufenberg, Norbert (2005). [[[:Templat:Google book]] Entertainment Celebrities] Periksa nilai
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(bantuan). Trafford Publishing. ISBN 978-1-4120-5335-8. Diakses tanggal June 23, 2011. - Langer, Andy. EXCLUSIVE: Willie Nelson on same-sex marriage. Texas Monthly. March 28, 2013 [cited March 28, 2013]. Emmis Communications.
- Langer, Andy (June 8, 2014). "The Last Word on the Willie Nelson Bus That's NOT Willie Nelson's Bus". Texas Monthly. Emmis Communications. Diakses tanggal June 25, 2014.
- Leahey, Andrew. 'Band of Brothers' Shoots Shotgun Willie to Top of the Charts. Rolling Stone. June 25, 2014 [archived 2017-11-11; cited June 26, 2014]. Wenner Media LLC.
- Leahey, Andrew. Willie Nelson to Receive Gershwin Prize for Songwriting. Rolling Stone. July 9, 2015 [archived 2017-10-12; cited July 9, 2015]. Wenner Media LLC.
- Lewis, Randy (November 2, 2012). "Blake Shelton, Miranda Lambert and Eric Church win CMA Awards". Los Angeles Times. Tribune Media. Diakses tanggal 2015-05-15.
- McKinnley, James Jr. Willie Nelson Is 'Fine' After Canceling a Show. The New York Times. August 20, 2012 [cited August 25, 2012]. New York Times Company.
- Malone, Bill (2002). Country music, U.S.A. University of Texas Press. hlm. 303. ISBN 978-0-292-75262-7. Diakses tanggal June 22, 2011.[pranala nonaktif permanen]
- Merschel, Michael (January 26, 2018). "Willie Nelson is officially a literary star: So says the Texas Institute of Letters". Dallas News. The Dallas Morning News. Diakses tanggal February 25, 2017.
- Miller Loncaric, Melissa. Willie Nelson and B.B. King Mesmerize Atlanta. CMT. July 28, 2008 [cited May 22, 2011]. MTV Networks.
- Milner, Jay Dunston (1998). Confessions of a Maddog: A Romp Through the High-Flying Texas Music and Literary Era of the Fifties to the Seventies. University of North Texas Press. ISBN 978-1-57441-050-1.
- Monkman, Martin (2008). "Pancho & Lefty". Rovi Corporation. Diakses tanggal February 8, 2011.
- Myers, Judy (1969). "Willie Nelson: His Own Story, in his own words". Country Song Roundup. Charlton Publications Incorporated.
- Nelson, Willie (December 13, 2005). "How I Ended Up With a Classical". iTunes Originals (Wawancara). Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal September 21, 2012. Diakses tanggal February 27, 2012.
- Nelson, Willie (March 12, 2009). The Facts of Life: and Other Dirty Jokes. Random House Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-307-52320-4.
- Nelson, Willie; Shrake, Edwin (2000). Willie: An Autobiography. Cooper Square Press. ISBN 978-0-8154-1080-5.
- Nelson, Willie (2007). On the Clean Road Again: Biodiesel and the Future of the Family Farm. Fulcrum Publishing. ISBN 978-1-55591-624-4.
- Nelson, Willie; Blakely, Mike (September 3, 2008). A Tale Out of Luck: A Novel. Center Street. ISBN 978-1-59995-176-8.
- Nelson, Willie (October 27, 2007). "Willie Nelson Writes to Prevent Horse Slaughter". WillieNelsonpri.com. Willie Nelson Peace Research Institute. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal June 29, 2011. Diakses tanggal July 5, 2011.
- Nelson, Willie. Willie Nelson Urges Land O'Lakes, Challenge Dairy to Stop Using Milk Products that Come from Confined Calves. The Animal Legal Defense Fund. March 26, 2008 [archived July 25, 2011; cited March 27, 2011]. The Animal Legal Defense Fund.
- Nelson, Willie; Bud Shrake; Edwin Shrake (2000). Willie: An Autobiography. Cooper Square Press.
- Nelson, Willie; Ritz, David (2015). It's A Long Story: My Life. Little, Brown and Company. ISBN 978-0-316-33931-5.
- Neu, Clayton. Brokeback Balladeer: Willie Nelson talks to TIME about his gay cowboy song. Time. March 1, 2006 [archived 2013-08-23; cited March 28, 2013]. Time Inc.
- New York Post staff (October 8, 2014). "Willie Nelson's braids sold for $37G at auction". New York Post. Fox News. Diakses tanggal November 29, 2014.
- NORML staff (2009). "NORML Advisory Board". NORML. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal February 16, 2011. Diakses tanggal February 14, 2010.
- NPR staff (1996). "Willie Nelson, Live from the 'Fresh Air' Studios". NPR Music. National Public Radio. Diakses tanggal September 9, 2009.
- NPR staff. National Public Radio. Willie Nelson's Guide to Happiness; May 25, 2010.
- NPR Staff. Willie Nelson: Road Rules and Deep Thoughts. November 18, 2012 [cited November 18, 2012]. National Public Radio.
- O'Hare, Kevin. The Willie Nelson interview: Life, aging and making music. The Republican (Springfield, Mass.). May 12, 2010 [cited April 11, 2011].
- Opry.com staff. Opry Broadcasts Move To New Willie's Roadhouse Channel on SiriusXM. Opry.com. May 5, 2011 [archived May 9, 2011; cited November 12, 2012]. Grand Ole Opry.
- O'Reilly, Bill. Why Americans Do Not Trust the Federal Government. Fox News. April 20, 2010 [archived January 20, 2011; cited April 9, 2013]. FOX News Network, LLC..
- Pareles, Jon. POP REVIEW; Marathon of Music To Celebrate Nelson, 70. The New York Times. April 9, 2003 [cited February 14, 2011]. The New York Times Company.
- Patoski, Joe Nick (2008). Willie Nelson: An Epic Life. Hachette Digital. ISBN 978-0-316-01778-7.
- Patoski, Joe Nick 2 (2008). "The Gospel According to Willie: The Resurrection of the Abbott Methodist Church". Diakses tanggal December 6, 2011.
- Patoski, Joe Nick. When It Comes to Marijuana, Willie's Punishment Seems to Vaporize. The New York Times. April 2, 2011 [cited April 10, 2011].
- PBS staff (2011). "American Masters, lesson 19". PBS. PBS. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal June 28, 2011. Diakses tanggal February 15, 2011.
- Penguin Random House staff. Penguin Random House. Pretty Paper by Willie Nelson and David Ritz [cited October 28, 2016].
- People staff. Willie Nelson Cited for Drug Possession. People. September 18, 2006 [archived 2011-03-30; cited May 23, 2011]. Time, Inc.
- Poe, Randy (2012). Stalking the Red Headed Stranger. Hal Leonard Corporation. ISBN 978-1-4584-7151-2.
- Quay, Sara; Damico, Amy (2010). September 11 in Popular Culture: A Guide. ABC-CLIO. ISBN 978-0-313-35505-9.
- PRNewswire staff. Willie Nelson's 70th Birthday Honored With 'The Essential Willie Nelson'. PRNewswire. April 24, 2003 [cited February 14, 2011]. United Business Media.
- PrNewswire staff. Heroes, The New Willie Nelson Album, Coming Tuesday, May 15. March 15, 2012 [cited May 15, 2015]. PR Newswire. PR Newswire Association LLC.
- PRNewswire staff. Outlaw Country Legends Willie Nelson & Merle Haggard Rockin' America's Charts with 1st Week's Sales of Django and Jimmie, their New Release on Legacy Recordings. June 10, 2015 [cited June 10, 2015]. PR Newswire. PR Newswire Association LLC.
- PRWeb staff (2010). "The Nobelity Project Honors Willie Nelson". PRWeb. Vocus PRW Holdings, LLC. Diakses tanggal February 15, 2011.
- Reid, Jan (2004). The Improbable Rise of Redneck Rock: New Edition. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-70197-7.
- Reid, Jan; Sahm Shawn (2010). Texas Tornado: The Times and Music of Doug Sahm. University of Texas Press. ISBN 978-0-292-72196-8.
- Texas Monthly. August 1976 [Diambil May 24, 2011];4.
- Reuters staff. New Willie Nelson song condemns Iraq war. January 1, 2004 [cited February 22, 2011]. Reuters. Turner Broadcasting System, Inc..
- RIAA staff (2010). "RIAA certification". Recording Industry Association of America. Recording Industry Association of America. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal August 28, 2013. Diakses tanggal February 8, 2011.
- RIAA staff 2 (2010). "RIAA certification". Recording Industry Association of America. Recording Industry Association of America. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal August 29, 2013. Diakses tanggal February 8, 2011.
- RIAA staff 3 (2010). "RIAA certification". RIAA. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal August 29, 2013. Diakses tanggal February 8, 2011.
- Richmond, Clint (2000). Willie Nelson: Behind the Music. Simon & Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-03960-8.
- Riggs, Thomas (2007). Contemporary Theatre, Film, and television. Gale Research Co. ISBN 978-0-7876-9049-6.
- Rolling Stone staff (2010). "100 Greatest Singers". Rolling Stone. Wenner Media, LLC. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-03-09. Diakses tanggal June 11, 2015.
- Rolling Stone staff (2011). "100 Greatest Guitarists". Rolling Stone. Wenner Media, LLC. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-06-18. Diakses tanggal June 11, 2015.
- Scobey, Lola (1982). Willie Nelson: Country Outlaw. Kensington Pub Corp. ISBN 978-0-89083-936-2.
- Smith, Michael William. Mr. Record Man: Willie Nelson. Houston Press. April 25, 2013 [archived 2013-05-12; cited May 2, 2013]. Voice Media Group.
- Smith, Zachary Alden; Taylor, Katrina (2008). Renewable and alternative energy resources: a reference handbook. ABC-Clio. ISBN 978-1-59884-089-6.
- Selby, W. Gardner. Cox Enterprises. Kucinich sues Texas Democrats over loyalty pledge he won't sign; January 4, 2009 [archived June 7, 2011; cited September 25, 2009].
- Sterling, Whitaker. Willie Nelson to Share Musings From the Road in New Memoir. Taste of Country. [cited October 7, 2012]. Townsquare Media, LLC.
- Sugimoto, Minna. Star-studded concert raises $1.6 million for Japan earthquake, tsunami relief efforts. Hawaii News Now. April 11, 2011 [archived March 20, 2012; cited April 11, 2011]. Raycom Media.
- Sullivan, James. Willie Nelson, the 'Hippest Octogenarian,' Honored at Berklee. Rolling Stone. May 11, 2013 [archived 2017-11-18; cited May 13, 2013]. Wenner Media LLC.
- Swiatecki, Chad. Willie Nelson to Host New TV Show 'Inside Arlyn'. Rolling Stone. November 6, 2014 [archived 2017-12-02; cited November 6, 2014]. Wenner Media LLC.
- Texas Music Project staff (2011). "What TMP Has Accomplished". Texas Music Project. The Texas Music Project. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal September 13, 2012. Diakses tanggal February 21, 2011.
- Thomas, Dave (March 16, 2012). "40 Years Ago, Dripping Springs Reunion Helped Create Austin's Musical Identity". American-Statesman. Austin 360. Diakses tanggal May 28, 2012.
- Thomson, Gayle (November 29, 2010). "Wille Nelson Creates 'Teapot Party' for Marijuana Legalization". The Boot. AOL. Diakses tanggal February 20, 2011.
- Thomson, Graeme (2012). Willie Nelson: The Outlaw. Virgin Books. ISBN 978-0-7535-1184-8.
- Tichi, Cecilia (1998). Reading country music: steel guitars, opry stars, and honky-tonk bars. Duke University Press. ISBN 978-0-8223-2168-2. Diakses tanggal July 5, 2011.
- TMZ staff. Judge Crushes Plea Deal in Willie Nelson Pot Case. TMZ. July 7, 2011 [cited July 12, 2011]. EHM Productions, Inc..
- Tomlinson, Chris. Willie Nelson Statue Unveiled in Austin, Texas on 4/20. Huffington Post. April 21, 2012 [cited May 15, 2015]. Associated Press. TheHuffingtonPost.com, Inc..
- Tomlinson, Chris (April 21, 2012). "Willie Nelson unveils statue of himself on 4/20". CBS Atlanta. Associated Press. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal March 17, 2014. Diakses tanggal April 22, 2012.
- Treolo, Melissa. Nelson shares Ag Hall honor with Farm Aid partners. Basehor Sentinel. August 18, 2011 [cited August 21, 2011]. The World Company.
- Tribe, Ivan (2006). Country: a regional exploration. Greenwood Publishing Group. ISBN 978-0-313-33026-1.
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- Vinson, Christina (July 26, 2013). "Carrie Underwood, Loretta Lynn + More Duet With Willie Nelson on Upcoming 'To All the Girls' Album". Taste of Country. Townsquare Media, LLC. Diakses tanggal July 29, 2013.
- Wolff, Kurt; Duane, Orla (2000). Country Music: The Rough Guide. Rough Guides. ISBN 978-1-85828-534-4.
- Ward, Mike. Cox Enterprises. 'No highway for Willie; April 27, 2005 [archived March 29, 2012; cited March 27, 2011].
- Willie Nelson.com staff (2011). "Here We Go Again: Celebrating the Genius of Ray Charles". WillieNelson.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal May 30, 2011. Diakses tanggal March 22, 2011.
- Willie Nelson.com staff (February 1, 2012). "Willie Nelson Signs Historic New Deal With Legacy Recordings". Legacy Recordings. Willie Nelson.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2012-08-22. Diakses tanggal February 5, 2012.
- Willie Nelson General Store staff (2010). "Willie Nelson's Guitar Trigger!". Willienelsongeneralstore.com. Willie Nelson and Friends Museum and General Store. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal July 18, 2011. Diakses tanggal March 27, 2011.
- Willie's Place staff (2010). "Willie's Place". Willie's Place. Willie's Place. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal February 8, 2011. Diakses tanggal February 15, 2011.
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Bacaan lanjutan
sunting- The Encyclopedia of Country Music, ed. Paul Kingsbury, pp. 374–76 "Willie Nelson", Bob Allen, New York: Oxford University Press, 1998.
- Nelson, Susie (1987). Hear Worn Memories: a Daughter's Personal Biography of Willie Nelson. First ed. Eakin Press. ISBN 0-89015-608-5.
Pranala luar
suntingCari tahu mengenai Willie Nelson pada proyek-proyek Wikimedia lainnya: | |
Gambar dan media dari Commons | |
Kutipan dari Wikiquote | |
Entri basisdata #Q206112 di Wikidata |
- Situs web resmi
- Willie Nelson di AllMusic
- Willie Nelson di IMDb (dalam bahasa Inggris)
Penghargaan | ||
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Didahului oleh: Rodney Crowell |
AMA Lifetime Achievement Award for Songwriting 2007 |
Diteruskan oleh: John Hiatt |