Kolubrid

Kolubrid
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Domain:	Eukaryota
Kerajaan:	Animalia
Filum:	Chordata
Kelas:	Reptilia
Ordo:	Squamata
Subordo:	Serpentes
Superfamili:	Colubroidea
Famili:	Colubridae; Oppel, 1811

Kolubrid atau Colubridae (dari bahasa latin, coluber="ular") adalah nama familia ular yang terdiri lebih dari 1000 spesies.^[1] Suku kolubrid tersebar luas di setiap benua di dunia, kecuali Antartika.^[2]

Pengenalan

Sebagian besar spesies kolubrid adalah ular-ular yang tidak berbisa. Walau begitu, klasifikasi famili kolubrid juga mencakup jenis-jenis ular berbisa. Akan tetapi, ular-ular berbisa yang termasuk kedalam kolubrid adalah ular berbisa bertaring belakang (rear-fanged) di mana taring bisanya terletak di rahang atas bagian belakang, bukan di depan seperti pada familia Elapidae atau Viperidae. Sebagian besar kolubrid yang berbisa tidak sampai membahayakan manusia, tetapi beberapa spesies seperti Boiga dendrophila (Ular cincin-emas), gigitannya dapat berakibat serius. Bakhan sebagian spesies seperti Dispholidus typus (Boomslang) dan Thelotornis (Ular-ranting Afrika), gigitannya mampu membunuh manusia.^[3]^[4]

Klasifikasi

Subfamilia Ahaetuliinae Figueroa, McKelvy, Grismer, Bell, and Lailvaux, 2016

Genus Ahaetulla Link, 1807
Genus Chrysopelea Boie, 1827
Genus Dendrelaphis Boulenger, 1890
Genus Dryophiops Boulenger, 1896
Genus Proahaetulla Mallik, Achyuthan, Ganesh, Pal, Vijayakumar & Shanker, 2019

Subfamilia Calamariinae (Bonaparte, 1838)

Genus Calamaria Boie, 1827
Genus Calamorhabdium Boettger, 1898
Genus Collorhabdium Smedley, 1931
Genus Etheridgeum Wallach, 1988
Genus Macrocalamus Günther, 1864
Genus Pseudorabdion Jan, 1862
Genus Rabdion Duméril, 1853

Subfamilia Colubrinae (Oppel, 1811)

Ular-pohon cokelat (Boiga irregularis)

Ular sapi (Coelognathus radiatus)

Ular pemakan-telur Afrika (Dasypeltis Sp.)

Boomslang (Dispholidus typus), salah satu spesies kolubrid berbisa

Genus Aeluroglena Boulenger, 1898
Genus Aprosdoketophis Wallach, Lanza & Nistri, 2010
Genus Archelaphe Schulz, Böhme & Tillack, 2011
Genus Argyrogena Werner, 1924
Genus Arizona Kennicott, 1859
Genus Bamanophis Schätti & Trape, 2008
Genus Bogertophis Dowling & Price, 1988
Genus Boiga Fitzinger, 1826 - Ular kucing
Genus Cemophora Cope, 1860
Genus Chapinophis Campbell & Smith, 1998
Genus Chironius Fitzinger, 1826
Genus Coelognathus Fitzinger, 1843 - Ular tikus
Genus Coluber Linnaeus, 1758
Genus Colubroelaps Orlov, Kharin, Ananjeva, Thien Tao & Quang Truong, 2009
Genus Conopsis Günther, 1858
Genus Coronella Laurenti, 1768
Genus Crotaphopeltis Fitzinger, 1843
Genus Dasypeltis Wagler, 1830 - Ular pemakan-telur Afrika
Genus Dendrophidion Fitzinger, 1843
Genus Dipsadoboa Günther, 1858
Genus Dispholidus Fitzsimons & Brain, 1958 - Boomslang
Genus Dolichophis Gistel, 1868
Genus Drymarchon Fitzinger, 1843
Genus Drymobius Fitzinger, 1843
Genus Drymoluber Amaral, 1929
Genus Eirenis Jan, 1862
Genus Elaphe Fitzinger in Wagler, 1833 - Ular tikus
Genus Euprepiophis Fitzinger, 1843
Genus Ficimia Gray, 1849
Genus Geagras Cope, 1876
Genus Gonyosoma Wagler, 1828 - Ular bajing
Genus Gyalopion Cope, 1860
Genus Hapsidophrys Fischer, 1856
Genus Hemerophis Schätti & Utiger, 2001
Genus Hemorrhois Boie, 1826
Genus Hierophis Fitzinger, 1843
Genus Lampropeltis Fitzinger, 1843
Genus Leptodrymus Amaral, 1927
Genus Leptophis Bell, 1825
Genus Liopeltis Fitzinger, 1843
Genus Lycodon Fitzinger, 1826 - Ular serigala
Genus Lytorhynchus Peters, 1862
Genus Macroprotodon Guichenot, 1850
Genus Masticophis Baird & Girard, 1853
Genus Mastigodryas Amaral, 1935
Genus Meizodon Fischer, 1856
Genus Mopanveldophis Figueroa, McKelvy, Grismer, Bell & Lailvaux, 2016
Genus Muhtarophis Avcı, Ilgaz, Rajabizadeh, Yılmaz, Üzüm, Adriaens, Kumlutaş & Olgun, 2015
Genus Oligodon Fitzinger, 1826 - Ular kukri
Genus Oocatochus Helfenberger, 2001
Genus Opheodrys Fitzinger, 1843
Genus Oreocryptophis Utiger, Schätti & Helfenberger, 2005 - Ular-bambu merah
Genus Orientocoluber Kharin, 2011
Genus Oxybelis Wagler, 1830
Genus Palusophis Montingelli, 2019
Genus Pantherophis Fitzinger, 1843
Genus Philothamnus Smith, 1840
Genus Phrynonax Cope, 1862
Genus Phyllorhynchus Stejneger, 1890
Genus Pituophis Holbrook, 1842
Genus Platyceps Blyth, 1860
Genus Pseudelaphe Mertens & Rosenberg, 1943
Genus Pseudoficimia Bocourt, 1883
Genus Ptyas Fitzinger, 1843 - Ular tikus
Genus Rhamnophis Günther, 1862
Genus Rhinobothryum Wagler, 1830
Genus Rhinocheilus Baird & Girard, 1853
Genus Rhynchocalamus Günther, 1864
Genus Salvadora Baird & Girard, 1853
Genus Scaphiophis Peters, 1870
Genus Scolecophis Fitzinger, 1843
Genus Senticolis Campbell & Howell, 1965
Genus Simophis Peters, 1860
Genus Sonora Baird & Girard, 1843
Genus Spalerosophis Jan, 1865
Genus Spilotes Wagler, 1830
Genus Stegonotus Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854
Genus Stenorrhina Duméril, 1853
Genus Stichophanes Wang, Messenger, Zhao & Zhu, 2014
Genus Symphimus Cope, 1869
Genus Sympholis Cope, 1861
Genus Tantilla Baird & Girard, 1853
Genus Tantillita Smith, 1941
Genus Telescopus Wagler, 1830
Genus Thelotornis Smith, 1849
Genus Thrasops Hallowell, 1857
Genus Toxicodryas Hallowell, 1857
Genus Trimorphodon Cope, 1861
Genus Wallaceophis Mirza, Vyas, Patel, Maheta & Sanap, 2016
Genus Xenelaphis Günther, 1864
Genus Xyelodontophis Broadley & Wallach, 2002
Genus Zamenis Wagler, 1830

Subfamilia Dipsadinae (Bonaparte, 1838)

Subfamilia Grayiinae (Meirte, 1992)

Genus Grayia Günther, 1858

Subfamilia Natricinae (Bonaparte, 1838)

Subfamilia Pseudoxenodontinae (McDowell, 1987)

Subfamilia Sibynophiinae (Dunn, 1928)

Genus Scaphiodontophis Taylor & Smith, 1943
Genus Sibynophis Fitzinger, 1843

Tanpa Subfamilia (incertae sedis)

Genus Blythia Theobold, 1868
Genus Elapoidis Boie, 1827
Genus Gongylosoma Fitzinger, 1843
Genus Lycognathophis Boulenger, 1893
Genus Oreocalamus Boulenger, 1899
Genus Poecilopholis Boulenger, 1903
Genus Tetralepis Boettger, 1892

Riwayat Taksonomi

Beberapa suku ular lain yang sebelumnya juga termasuk di dalam suku ini, yaitu:

Homalopsidae - Ular air Indo-Australia
Lamprophiidae
Pareatidae atau Pareidae - Ular siput
Xenodermatidae atau Xenodermidae

Referensi

^ "Colubrid". britannica.com. Britannica. Diakses tanggal 2 December 2018.
^ Bauer, Aaron M. (1998). Cogger, H.G.; Zweifel, R.G., ed. Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians. San Diego: Academic Press. hlm. 188–195. ISBN 0-12-178560-2.
^ Bruna Azara, C. (1995). "Animales venenosos. Vertebrados terrestres venenosos peligrosos para el ser humano en España" (PDF). Boletín de la S.E.A. 11: 32–40.
^ Weinstein, S. A.; Warrell, D. A.; White, J.; Keyler, D. E. (2011). Venomous bites from non-venomous snakes: A critical analysis of risk and management of "colubrid" snake bites. London: Elsevier.

Oppel, 1811 : Die Ordnungen, Familien und Gattungen der Reptilien, als Prodrom einer Naturgeschichte derselben. J. Lindauer, München (lihat teks)
Colubridae @ Reptile Database Diarsipkan 2015-05-25 di Wayback Machine.
Colubridae @ Reptile Knowledge

[1] "Colubrid". britannica.com. Britannica. Diakses tanggal 2 December 2018.

[EoR-2] Bauer, Aaron M. (1998). Cogger, H.G.; Zweifel, R.G., ed. Encyclopedia of Reptiles and Amphibians. San Diego: Academic Press. hlm. 188–195. ISBN 0-12-178560-2.

[Bruna_Azara_1995-3] Bruna Azara, C. (1995). "Animales venenosos. Vertebrados terrestres venenosos peligrosos para el ser humano en España" (PDF). Boletín de la S.E.A. 11: 32–40.

[Weinstein2011-4] Weinstein, S. A.; Warrell, D. A.; White, J.; Keyler, D. E. (2011). Venomous bites from non-venomous snakes: A critical analysis of risk and management of "colubrid" snake bites. London: Elsevier.

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