Zona Terusan Panama
9°07′04″N 79°43′13″W / 9.11778°N 79.72028°W
Panama Canal Zone Zona del Canal de Panamá | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1903–1979 | |||||||||
 Bendera
 Lambang
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Semboyan: Tanah Terbagi, Dunia Bersatu | |||||||||
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| Status | Teritorial tak terinkorporasi Amerika Serikat | ||||||||
| Ibu kota | Balboa | ||||||||
| Bahasa yang umum digunakan | Spanyol, Inggris | ||||||||
| Demonim | Zonian | ||||||||
| Sejarah | |||||||||
• Didirikan | 1903 | ||||||||
• Dibubarkan | 1979 | ||||||||
| Mata uang | Dollar Amerika Serikat Balboa Panama (ditoleransikan) | ||||||||
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| Sekarang bagian dari | Panama | ||||||||
Zona Terusan Panama (bahasa Spanyol: Zona del Canal de Panamá) adalah sebuah teritorial tak terinkorporasi di Amerika Serikat dari 1903 sampai 1979, yang berpusat di Terusan Panama dan berbatasan dengan Republik Panama.[1] Zona tersebut terdiri dari terusan tersebut dan wilayahnya umumnya sepanjang 5 mil (8.0 km) di setiap sisi dari pusat jalur, kecuali Kota Panama dan Colón, sementara wilayah-wilayah lainnya sebagian berada pada batas-batas Zona tersebut. Perbatasannya bersebelahan dengan dua provinsi Panama.
Zona Terusan tersebut ditiadakan pada 1 Oktober 1979, atas kesepakatan Traktat-Traktat Torrijos–Carter pada 1977; terusan itu sendiri berada di bawah kendali AS-Panama dari 1979 sampai terusan tersebut sepenuhnya jatuh ke tangan Panama pada 31 Desember 1999.[2]
Referensi
sunting- ^ Liptak, Adam. "A Hint of New Life to a McCain Birth Issue", New York Times (11 Juli 2008).
- ^ "Panamanian Control", Panama Canal, infoplease.com, diakses tanggal 2008-06-02
Bacaan tambahan dan ulasan
sunting- "More American than America". Time. January 24, 1964. ((Perlu berlangganan (help)).
- "PANAMA: No More Tomorrows". Time. October 15, 1979. ((Perlu berlangganan (help)).
- Greene, Julie (2009). The Canal Builders: Making America's Empire at the Panama Canal. New York: The Penguin Press. ISBN 978-1-59420-201-8.
- Harding, Robert C. (2001). Military Foundations of Panamanian Politics. Transaction Publishers. ISBN 978-0-7658-0075-6.
- Harding, Robert C. (2006). The History of Panama. Greenwood Publishing. ISBN 978-0-313-33322-4.
- Governments of the United States of America and the Republic of Panama. "Panama Canal Treaty". Diakses tanggal January 17, 2014.
- Knapp, Herbert and Knapp, Mary (1984). Red, White and Blue Paradise: The American Canal Zone in Panama. San Diego: Harcourt, Brace, and Jovanovich. ISBN 0-15-176135-3.
- Major, John (1993). Prize Possession: The United States and the Panama Canal, 1903–1979. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0-521-52126-0.
- Maurer, Noel; Yu, Carlos (2011). The Big Ditch: How America Took, Built, Ran, and Ultimately Gave Away the Panama Canal. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-0-691-14738-3. LCCN 2010029058. Diakses tanggal January 17, 2014.
- McCullough, David (1977). The Path Between the Seas: The Creation of the Panama Canal, 1870–1914. New York: Simon and Schuster. ISBN 978-0-671-24409-5.
- Mellander, Gustavo A. (1971) The United States in Panamanian Politics:The Intriguing Formative Years. Danville, Ill.: Interstate Publishers, OCLC 138568
- Mellander, Gustavo A.; Nelly Maldonado Mellander (1999). Charles Edward Magoon: The Panama Years. Río Piedras, Puerto Rico: Editorial Plaza Mayor. ISBN 1-56328-155-4. OCLC 42970390.
- NARA. "185.6 RECORDS OF THE SECOND ISTHMIAN CANAL COMMISSION 1904-16—History". National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). Diakses tanggal January 18, 2014.
- NARA. "185.8 RECORDS OF THE CANAL ZONE GOVERNMENT AND THE PANAMA CANAL COMPANY 1904-84—History". National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). Diakses tanggal January 18, 2014.
- "Canal Company to go on Break Even Basis". The Panama Canal Review. February 1, 1952. Diakses tanggal January 17, 2014.
- Wiseman, Frederick (1977). Canal Zone (motion picture). Zipporah Films.
- Woodrow Wilson (January 27, 1914). "Executive Order 1885 - To Establish a Permanent Organization for the Operation and Government of the Panama Canal". President of the United States. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2016-06-01. Diakses tanggal January 18, 2014.
Pranala luar
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Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Panama Canal Zone.
- Official Handbook of the Panama Canal—1915
- Governor Parfitt's Address at Flag-lowering Ceremonies September 30, 1979
- Maps of the Canal Zone
- Live Panama Canal webcams
- Air Defense of the Panama Canal 1958–1970
- Panama & the Canal Digital Collection
- Panama Canal Centennial Online Exhibit
- Medicine in the Panama Canal Zone: The Samuel Taylor Darling Memorial Library Archives[pranala nonaktif permanen]