Turgut Reis

Turgut Reis
Turgut Reis
	Monumen Turgut Reis di Istanbul
Nama asli	Turgut Reis, "Torghoud"
Julukan	Dragut Rais, Darghouth; Arab: درغوث; Italia: Dragura
Lahir	24 Oktober 1485; Bodrum, Kesultanan Utsmaniyah
Meninggal	23 Juni 1565; Malta
Pengabdian	Kesultanan Utsmaniyah
Dinas/cabang	Ottoman Navy
Lama dinas	Sekitar tahun 1500–1565
Pangkat	Laksamana, Gubernur Jenderal, Pasha
Komandan	Panglima Angkatan Laut Utsmaniyah di Laut Tengah (Beylerbey)
Perang/pertempuran	Pertempuran Preveza (1538); Serangan Gozo (1551); Pengepungan Tripoli (1551); Pertempuran Ponza (1552); Pertempuran Djerba (1560); Pengepungan Besar Malta (1565)

Turgut Reis (bahasa Inggris: Dragut) (1485 – 23 Juni 1565), juga dikenal sebagai "Si Penghunus Pedang Islam",^[1] adalah seorang komandan angkatan laut^[2] Muslim^[3]^[4] Utsmaniyah^[5]^[6]^[7] berketurunan Yunani^[2]^[8]^[9]^[10]^[11] yang terkenal,^[12] dihormati,^[13] dan ditakuti ^[14]

Ia diakui sebagai seorang ahli militer yang genius.^[13] Seorang laksamana Prancis mendeskripsikannya sebagai "peta laut hidup di Laut, cukup mahir di daratan untuk dibandingkan dengan jenderal-jenderal terbaik pada saat itu. Tiada ada orang lain yang lebih berhak selain beliau untuk membawa nama raja".^[15]

Turgut juga dikenali sebagai "pahlawan bajak laut terbesar sepanjang zaman",^[13] "tanpa ragu-ragu adalah pemimpin Turki yang paling cakap",^[15] dan "raja tanpa takhta di Laut Tengah".^[15]

Selain mengabdi sebagai laksamana^[16] Angkatan Laut Utsmaniyah pada masa Suleiman yang Agung, Turgut juga dilantik sebagai Bey (Gubernur) Aljir dan Djerba, Beylerbey (Panglima) Laut Tengah, dan kemudian sebagai Pasha di Tripoli.

Di bawah kepimpinan beliau,^[13] kekuasaan maritim Kesultanan Utsmaniyah terbentang melintasi Afrika Utara.^[2] Sewaktu mengabdi sebagai Pasha di Tripoli, Turgut membangun banyak bangunan besar dan menjadikannya salah satu kota paling mengagumkan di Afrika Utara pada saat itu.^[8]

Catatan kaki

^ Rafael Sabatini (2008). The Sword of Islam and Other Tales of Adventure. Wildside Press. hlm. 7. ISBN 9781434467904. Ordinarily Dragut Reis — who was dubbed by the Faithful "The Drawn Sword of Islam"
^ ^a ^b ^c Reynolds, Clark G. (1974). Command of the sea: the history and strategy of maritime empires. Morrow. hlm. 120–121. ISBN 9780688002671.
^ E. Hamilton Currey (2008). Flag of the Prophet: The Story of the Muslim Corsairs. Fireship Press. hlm. 168. ISBN 9781934757550.
^ Lane-Poole, Stanley (1890). The Story of the Nations: The Barbary Corsairs. G.P. Gutnam's Sons. hlm. 124
^ Orhonlu, Cengiz (1968). Belgelerle Türk Tarihi Dergisi "Journal of Turkish History with Documents". hlm. 69).
^ Yemişçi, Cihan (2011). Turgut Reis'in Nereli Olduğu Meselesi "The Question of Turgut Reis' Birth Place. I. Turgut Reis Turkish Maritime History Symposium (27–28 May 2011).
^ Uzunçarşılı, İsmail Hakkı (1998). Osmanlı Tarihi, II "Ottoman History, II". T.R. Department of Turkish History. hlm. 384.
^ ^a ^b Naylor, Phillip Chiviges (2009). North Africa: a history from antiquity to the present. University of Texas Press. hlm. 120–121. ISBN 9780292719224. Kesalahan pengutipan: Tanda <ref> tidak sah; nama "Naylor, Phillip Chiviges 2009 120–121" didefinisikan berulang dengan isi berbeda
^ Chambers, Iain (2008). Mediterranean crossings: the politics of an interrupted modernity. Duke University Press. hlm. 38–39. ISBN 9780822341260.
^ Pauls, Michael; Facaros, Dana (2000). Turkey. New Holland Publishers. hlm. 286–287. ISBN 9781860110788.
^ "Mavi Anadolu Tezi ve Halikarnas Balıkçısı" - Edebiyatta Milliyetçilik, Birikim, Sayı 210 Diarsipkan 2011-09-29 di Wayback Machine., Ekim 2006, hlm. 35. line feed character di |pages= pada posisi 11 (bantuan)
^ J Fl 1739 Morgan (2016). A Complete History of Algiers. to Which Is Prefixed, an Epitome of the General History of Barbary, from the Earliest Times: Interspersed with Many Curious Remarks and Passages Not Touched on by Any Writer Whatever, Volume 2. Wentworth Press. hlm. 432. ISBN 9781360782119.
^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Judith Miller (1986-09-28). "Malta, Where Suleiman Laid Siege". The New York Times.
^ Braudel, Fernand (1995). The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean world in the age of Philip II, Volume 2. University of California Press. hlm. 908–909. ISBN 9780520203303.
^ ^a ^b ^c Balbi, Francesco (2011). The Siege of Malta, 1565. Boydell Press. hlm. 63–64. ISBN 9781843831402.
^ John Oakes (2011). Libya: The History of Gaddafi's Pariah State. The History Press. hlm. 38. ISBN 9780752471082. Dragut was made an admiral in the Ottoman navy.

Daftar pustaka

E. Hamilton Currey, Sea-Wolves of the Mediterranean, London, 1910
Bono, Salvatore: Corsari nel Mediterraneo (Corsairs in the Mediterranean), Oscar Storia Mondadori. Perugia, 1993.
Corsari nel Mediterraneo: Condottieri di ventura. Online database in Italian, based on Salvatore Bono's book. Diarsipkan 2008-05-05 di Wayback Machine.
Bradford, Ernle, The Sultan's Admiral: The life of Barbarossa, London, 1968.
Wolf, John B., The Barbary Coast: Algeria under the Turks, New York, 1979; ISBN 0-393-01205-0

Artikel bertopik biografi tokoh ini adalah sebuah rintisan. Anda dapat membantu Wikipedia dengan mengembangkannya.

[1] Rafael Sabatini (2008). The Sword of Islam and Other Tales of Adventure. Wildside Press. hlm. 7. ISBN 9781434467904. Ordinarily Dragut Reis — who was dubbed by the Faithful "The Drawn Sword of Islam"

[d-2] Reynolds, Clark G. (1974). Command of the sea: the history and strategy of maritime empires. Morrow. hlm. 120–121. ISBN 9780688002671.

[b-3] E. Hamilton Currey (2008). Flag of the Prophet: The Story of the Muslim Corsairs. Fireship Press. hlm. 168. ISBN 9781934757550.

[c-4] Lane-Poole, Stanley (1890). The Story of the Nations: The Barbary Corsairs. G.P. Gutnam's Sons. hlm. 124

[5] Orhonlu, Cengiz (1968). Belgelerle Türk Tarihi Dergisi "Journal of Turkish History with Documents". hlm. 69).

[6] Yemişçi, Cihan (2011). Turgut Reis'in Nereli Olduğu Meselesi "The Question of Turgut Reis' Birth Place. I. Turgut Reis Turkish Maritime History Symposium (27–28 May 2011).

[7] Uzunçarşılı, İsmail Hakkı (1998). Osmanlı Tarihi, II "Ottoman History, II". T.R. Department of Turkish History. hlm. 384.

[Naylor,_Phillip_Chiviges_2009_120–121-8] Naylor, Phillip Chiviges (2009). North Africa: a history from antiquity to the present. University of Texas Press. hlm. 120–121. ISBN 9780292719224. Kesalahan pengutipan: Tanda <ref> tidak sah; nama "Naylor, Phillip Chiviges 2009 120–121" didefinisikan berulang dengan isi berbeda

[9] Chambers, Iain (2008). Mediterranean crossings: the politics of an interrupted modernity. Duke University Press. hlm. 38–39. ISBN 9780822341260.

[10] Pauls, Michael; Facaros, Dana (2000). Turkey. New Holland Publishers. hlm. 286–287. ISBN 9781860110788.

[11] "Mavi Anadolu Tezi ve Halikarnas Balıkçısı" - Edebiyatta Milliyetçilik, Birikim, Sayı 210 Diarsipkan 2011-09-29 di Wayback Machine., Ekim 2006, hlm. 35. line feed character di |pages= pada posisi 11 (bantuan)

[12] J Fl 1739 Morgan (2016). A Complete History of Algiers. to Which Is Prefixed, an Epitome of the General History of Barbary, from the Earliest Times: Interspersed with Many Curious Remarks and Passages Not Touched on by Any Writer Whatever, Volume 2. Wentworth Press. hlm. 432. ISBN 9781360782119.

[a-13] Judith Miller (1986-09-28). "Malta, Where Suleiman Laid Siege". The New York Times.

[14] Braudel, Fernand (1995). The Mediterranean and the Mediterranean world in the age of Philip II, Volume 2. University of California Press. hlm. 908–909. ISBN 9780520203303.

[:0-15] Balbi, Francesco (2011). The Siege of Malta, 1565. Boydell Press. hlm. 63–64. ISBN 9781843831402.

[16] John Oakes (2011). Libya: The History of Gaddafi's Pariah State. The History Press. hlm. 38. ISBN 9780752471082. Dragut was made an admiral in the Ottoman navy.

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