Teman imajinasi

Teman imajinasi atau teman khayalan adalah fenomena psikologis dan sosial ketika pertemanan atau hubungan interpersonal lainnya berlangsung dalam ranah imajinasi dan tidak di dunia nyata. Meskipun teman imajinasi seolah-olah sangat nyata, anak-anak biasanya tahu bahwa teman imajinasi mereka tidak sungguh ada.^[1] Penelitian pertama yang berfokus pada teman imajinasi dilakukan pada tahun 1890-an.^[2] Tidak banyak informasi mengenai perkembangan dan kemunculan teman imajinasi di pikiran anak-anak. Dalam sejarah, orang dewasa memiliki dewa pelindung di rumah atau malaikat penjaga.^[2] Pada akhirnya, fenomena teman imajinasi diturunkan ke anak-anak. Belum diketahui kapan anak-anak pertama kali memiliki teman imajinasi, tetapi kemungkinan fenomena ini muncul pada abad ke-20 ketika masa kanak-kanak dianggap sebagai masa untuk bermain dan berimajinasi.^[2]

Catatan kaki

^ Taylor, M. (1999) Imaginary Companions and the Children Who Create Them. New York: Oxford University Press.
^ ^a ^b ^c Klausen, E.; Passman, R. H. (2007). "Pretend companions (imaginary playmates): The emergence of a field". The Journal of Genetic Psychology. 167 (4): 349–364. doi:10.3200/gntp.167.4.349-364.

Bacaan lanjut

Dierker, L. C.; Davis, K. F.; Sanders, B. (1995). "'The imaginary companion phenomenon: An analysis of personality correlates and developmental antecedents.'". Dissociation: The Official Journal of the International Society for the Study of Multiple Personality and Dissociation. 8: 220–228.
Gleason, T (2002). "'Social provisions of real and imaginary relationships in early childhood.'". Developmental Psychology. 38: 979–992. doi:10.1037/0012-1649.38.6.979.
Gleason, T. (2009). 'Imaginary companions.' In Harry T. Reis & Susan Sprecher (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Human Relationships (pp. 833–834). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Hall, E. (1982). 'The fearful child's hidden talents [Interview with Jerome Kagan].' Psychology Today, 16 (July), 50–59.
Hurlock, E.; Burstein, M. (1932). "'The imaginary playmate: A questionnaire study.'". Journal of Genetic Psychology. 41: 380–392. doi:10.1080/08856559.1932.10533102.
Manosevitz, M.; Fling, S.; Prentice, N. (1977). "'Imaginary companions in young children: Relationships with intelligence, creativity and waiting ability.'". Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry. 18: 73–78. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7610.1977.tb00418.x.
Manosevitz, M.; Prentice, N.; Wilson, F. (1973). "'Individual and family correlates of imaginary companions in preschool children.'". Developmental Psychology. 8: 72–79. doi:10.1037/h0033834.
Mauro, J (1991). "'The friend that only I can see: A longitudinal investigation of children's imaginary companions' (Doctoral dissertation, University of Oregon, Eugene, 1991)". Dissertation Abstracts International. 52: 4995.
Meyer, J.; Tuber, S. (1989). "'Intrapsychic and behavioral correlates of the phenomenon of imaginary companions in young children.'". Psychoanalytic Psychology. 6 (2): 151–168. doi:10.1037/0736-9735.6.2.151.
Nagera, H (1969). "'The imaginary companion: Its significance for ego development and conflict solution.'". Psychoanalytic Study of the Child. 24: 165–195.
Partington, J., & Grant, C. (1984). 'Imaginary playmates and other useful fantasies.' In P. Smith (Ed.), Play in animals and humans (pp. 217–240). New York: Basil Blackwell.
Imaginary Friends with Dr Evan Kidd Diarsipkan 2020-06-23 di Wayback Machine. podcast interview with Dr Evan Kidd of La Trobe University

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[1] Taylor, M. (1999) Imaginary Companions and the Children Who Create Them. New York: Oxford University Press.

[Klausen_2007-2] Klausen, E.; Passman, R. H. (2007). "Pretend companions (imaginary playmates): The emergence of a field". The Journal of Genetic Psychology. 167 (4): 349–364. doi:10.3200/gntp.167.4.349-364.

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