Ibu jari

Dalam anatomi manusia, ibu jari atau jempol adalah salah satu jari pada tangan. Jempol berbeda dengan keempat jari lainnya karena menghadap ke arah yang berbeda, memiliki lebih sedikit buku jari, dan lebih pendek. Jempol dapat ditekuk ke bagian dalam, ke arah jemari lainnya, dan dapat dipergunakan untuk memegang suatu benda dengan menekannya ke bagian tangan atau jemari lain.

Thumb
Tulang ibu jari, terlihat paling kiri
Rincian
Arteri	Arteri Princeps pollicis
Vena	Jaringan tangan vena punggung
Saraf	Saraf digital dorsal dari saraf radial, saraf digital palmar yang tepat dari saraf median
Limfa	Kelenjar getah bening infraklavikular
Pengidentifikasi
Bahasa Latin	pollex digitus I manus digitus primus manus
MeSH	D013933
TA98	A01.1.00.053
TA2	151
FMA	24938
Daftar istilah anatomi

Ibu jari atau jempol

Tulang jari jempol

Referensi

Daftar Pustaka

Almécija, S.; Moyà-Solà, S.; Alba, D. M. (2010). "Early Origin for Human-Like Precision Grasping: A Comparative Study of Pollical Distal Phalanges in Fossil Hominins". PLoS ONE. 5 (7): e11727. Bibcode:2010PLoSO...511727A. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0011727. PMC 2908684 . PMID 20661444. 

Ankel-Simons, Friderun (2007). "Chapter 8: Postcranial Skeleton". Primate Anatomy (edisi ke-3rd). Academic Press. hlm. 345. ISBN 978-0-12-372576-9. 

Austin, Noelle M. (2005). "Chapter 9: The Wrist and Hand Complex". Dalam Levangie, Pamela K.; Norkin, Cynthia C. Joint Structure and Function: A Comprehensive Analysis (edisi ke-4th). Philadelphia: F. A. Davis Company. ISBN 978-0-8036-1191-7. 

Brown, David P.; Freeman, Eric D.; Cuccurullo, Sara; Freeman, Ted L. (2004). "Upper Extremities—Hand Region: Range of Motion of the Digits". Dalam Cuccurullo, Sara. Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Board Review. Demos Medical Publishing. ISBN 978-1-888799-45-3.  (NCBI)

Brunelli, Giovanni R. (1999). "Stability in the first carpometacarpal joint". Dalam Brüser, Peter; Gilbert, Alain. Finger bone and joint injuries. Taylor & Francis. ISBN 978-1-85317-690-6. 

Byrne, R.W.; Byrne, J.M.E. (1993). "Complex Leaf-Gathering Skills of Mountain Gorillas (Gorilla g. beringei): Variability and Standardization" (PDF). American Journal of Primatology. 31 (4): 241–261. doi:10.1002/ajp.1350310402. ISSN 0275-2565. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal September 20, 2009. 

Christel, Marianne I.; Kitzel, Stefanie; Niemitz, Carsten (30 November 2004). "How Precisely do Bonobos (Pan paniscus) Grasp Small Objects?". International Journal of Primatology. 19 (1): 165–194. doi:10.1023/A:1020319313219. 

Costello, Michael B.; Fragaszy, Dorothy M. (March 1988). "Prehension in Cebus and Saimiri: I. Grip type and hand preference". American Journal of Primatology. 15 (3): 235–245. doi:10.1002/ajp.1350150306. 

de Klerk, W.J.; Forster, C.A.; Sampson, S.D.; Chinsamy, A.; Ross, C.F. (2000). "A new coelurosaurian dinosaur from the Early Cretaceous of South Africa" (PDF). Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 20 (2): 324–332. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2000)020[0324:ancdft]2.0.co;2. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2012-01-30. Diakses tanggal 2019-05-16. 

Diogo, R; Richmond, BG; Wood, B (2012). "Evolution and homologies of primate and modern human hand and forearm muscles, with notes on thumb movements and tool use". Journal of Human Evolution. 63 (1): 64–78. doi:10.1016/j.jhevol.2012.04.001. PMID 22640954. 

Ellerman, John Reeves (1941). The families and genera of living rodents. Vol. II. Family Muridae. London: British Museum (Natural History). 

Franzen, JL; Gingerich, PD; Habersetzer, J; Hurum, JH; von Koenigswald, W; et al. (2009). Hawks, John, ed. "Complete Primate Skeleton from the Middle Eocene of Messel in Germany: Morphology and Paleobiology". PLoS ONE. 4 (5): e5723. Bibcode:2009PLoSO...4.5723F. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0005723. PMC 2683573 . PMID 19492084. 

Harcourt-Smith, W E H; Aiello, L C (May 2004). "Fossils, feet and the evolution of human bipedal locomotion". Journal of Anatomy. 204 (5): 403–16. doi:10.1111/j.0021-8782.2004.00296.x. PMC 1571304 . PMID 15198703. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2013-01-05. 

Hsu, Ar-Tyan; Meng-Tsu Hu; Fong Ching Su (July 2008). "Effect of Gender, Flexibility and Thumb Type on Thumb Tip Generation". Journal of Biomechanics. 41 (Supplement 1): S148. doi:10.1016/S0021-9290(08)70148-9. 

Jones, Lynette A.; Lederman, Susan J. (2006). Human hand function. Oxford University Press US. ISBN 9780195173154. 

Leakey, LSB; Tobias, PV; Napier, JR (April 1964). "A New Species of Genus Homo from Olduvai Gorge" (PDF). Nature. 202 (4927): 7–9. Bibcode:1964Natur.202....7L. doi:10.1038/202007a0. PMID 14166722. 

McBride, Earl Duwain (1942). Disability evaluation: principles of treatment of compensable injuries. Lippincott. hlm. 631. 

McDade, Melissa C. (2003). "Koalas (Phascolartidae)". Dalam Hutchins, Michael; Kleiman, Devra G.; Geist, Valerius; et al. Grzimek's animal life encyclopedia: Volumes 12–16, Mammals I–V (edisi ke-2nd). Farmington Hills, MI: Gale Group. 

Moyà-Solà, Salvador; Köhler, Meike; Rook, Lorenzo (January 5, 1999). "Evidence of hominid-like precision grip capability in the hand of the Miocene ape Oreopithecus" (PDF). PNAS. 96 (1): 313–317. Bibcode:1999PNAS...96..313M. doi:10.1073/pnas.96.1.313. PMC 15136 . PMID 9874815. 

Napier, John Russell (November 1956). "The prehensile movements of the human hand" (PDF). J Bone Joint Surg Br. 38 (4): 902–913. PMID 13376678. 

Nowak, Ronald M. (1999). Walker's mammals of the world, Volume 2 (edisi ke-6th). JHU Press. ISBN 978-0-8018-5789-8. 

Platzer, Werner (2004). Color Atlas of Human Anatomy, Vol. 1: Locomotor System (edisi ke-5th). Thieme. ISBN 3-13-533305-1. 

Senter, Phil (2006). "Comparison of forelimb function between Deinonychus and Bambiraptor (Theropoda: Dromaeosauridae)". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 26 (4): 897–906. doi:10.1671/0272-4634(2006)26[897:COFFBD]2.0.CO;2. 

Slocum, D.B.; Pratt, D.R. (1946). "Disability Evaluation for the Hand" (PDF). Journal of Bone and Joint Surgery. 28 (3): 491. 

van Nierop, Onno A.; van der Helm, Aadjan; Overbeeke, Kees J.; Djajadiningrat, Tom J.P. (2008). "A natural human hand model" (PDF). Visual Comput. 24 (1): 31–44. doi:10.1007/s00371-007-0176-x. 

Young, Richard W. (January 2003). "Evolution of the human hand: the role of throwing and clubbing". Journal of Anatomy. 202 (1): 165–174. doi:10.1046/j.1469-7580.2003.00144.x. PMC 1571064 . PMID 12587931.