Yahudi-Rumania
Sejarah Yahudi di Rumania meliputi Yahudi dari Rumania dan berasal dari Rumania, yang mula-mula disebutkan pada terotiral Rumania pada masa sekarang. Setidaknya sampai abad ke-18, jumlah populasi Yahudi meningkat sekitar 1850, dan secara lebih khusus setelah pendirian Rumania Besar akibat Perang Dunia I. Sebagai sebuah komunitas yang berbeda, terutama di wilayah perkotaan, Yahudi menjadi target penganiayaan agama dan rasisme dalam masyarakat Rumania – dari debat terkait "Pertanyaan Yahudi" akhir abad ke-19 dan pemberian kewarganegaraan kepada penduduk Yahudi, sampai genosida yang terjadi di wilayah Rumania sebagai bagian dari Holocaust, dimana sekitar 280,000 sampai 380,000 Yahudi tewas. Kemudian, sepasang arus suksesif aliyah, mengakibatkan penurunan dramatis dalam jumlah komunitas Yahudi pada masa sekarang di Rumania secara keseluruhan,
| Jumlah populasi | |
|---|---|
| 3,271 | |
| Bahasa | |
| Rumania, Ibrani, Yiddish | |
| Agama | |
| Yudaisme (meliputi Kristen Yahudi) dan agama dan sistem kepercayaan lainnya (termasuk Ateisme) | |
| Kelompok etnik terkait | |
| Yahudi Hungaria, Yahudi Moldova, Yahudi Bessarabia, Yahudi Ashkenazi lainnya; Yahudi lainnya |
Saat ini, mayoritas Yahudi Rumania tinggal di Israel, sementara Rumania pada masa sekarang masih menjadi rumabh bagi populasi Yahudi modest. Pada sensus 2011, 3,271 orang mendeklarasikan dirinya sebagai Yahudi.
Referensi
sunting- The 1905 Jewish Encyclopedia article Rumania, by Gotthard Deutsch, D.M. Hermalin, and Joseph Jacobs
- (Rumania) "Evreii" ("The Jews") Diarsipkan 2006-08-04 di Wayback Machine. on Divers online bulletin
- (Rumania) The Islaz Proclamation
- (Rumania) Decree regarding the naturalization of Jews born in Romania, May 28, 1919
- (Rumania) Jewish Party program, November 8, 1933
- (Rumania) Royal Decree revising the citizenship of Jews in Romania, January 21, 1938
- (Rumania) Decree on the judicial status of Jews in Romania, August 8, 1940
- Wiesel Commission Final Report: Executive Summary (PDF), Accessed July 2006
- (Rumania) Ion Luca Caragiale, Trădarea românismului! ("Betrayal of Romanianism!")
- Paul Cernovodeanu, "Evreii în epoca fanariotă" ("Jews in the Phanariote Epoch"), in Magazin Istoric, March 1997, p. 25-28
- (Rumania) Anton Maria Del Chiaro, Revoluțiile Valahiei ("The Revolutions of Wallachia"), Chapter VIII
- Neagu Djuvara, Între Orient și Occident. Țările române la începutul epocii moderne ("Between Orient and Occident. The Romanian Lands at the Beginning of the Modern Era"), Humanitas, Bucharest, 1995
- (Rumania) Constantin Dobrogeanu-Gherea, Neoiobăgia. Curente de idei și opinii în legătură cu neoiobăgia ("Neo-Serfdom. Trends and Opinions Regarding Neo-Serfdom")
- Constantin C. Giurescu, Istoria Bucureștilor. Din cele mai vechi timpuri pînă în zilele noastre, Ed. Pentru Literatură, Bucharest, 1966
- Keith Hitchins, The Romanians, 1774-1866, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1996
- Joseph Gordon, Eastern Europe: Romania (1954) at the American Jewish Committee (PDF)
- Andrei Oișteanu,
- "«Evreul imaginar» versus «Evreul real»" ("«The Imaginary Jew» Versus «The Real Jew»"), in Mythos & Logos, Editura Nemira, Bucharest, 1998, p.175-263
- (Rumania) "Acuzația de omor ritual (O sută de ani de la pogromul de la Chișinău) (2) Diarsipkan 2006-10-06 di Wayback Machine.", in Contrafort, 2(100), February 2003
- Z. Ornea, Anii treizeci. Extrema dreaptă românească ("The 1930s: The Romanian Far Right"), Editura Fundației Culturale Române, Bucharest, 1995
- George Panu, Amintiri de la "Junimea" din Iași ("Recollections from the Iași Junimea"), Editura Minerva, Bucharest, 1998
- Constantin Rezachevici, "Evreii din țările române în evul mediu" ("Jews in the Romanian Lands during the Middle Ages"), in Magazin Istoric: 16th century — September 1995, p. 59-62; 17th and 18th centuries — October 1995, p. 61-66
- Francisco Veiga (1993) Istoria Gărzii de Fier, 1919-1941: Mistica ultranaționalismului ("The History of the Iron Guard, 1919-1941: The Mistique of Ultra-Nationalism"), Bucharest, Humanitas (Romanian-language version of the 1989 Spanish edition La mística del ultranacionalismo (Historia de la Guardia de Hierro) Rumania, 1919–1941, Bellaterra: Publicacions de la Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, ISBN 84-7488-497-7)
- Teodor Wexler,
- "Dr. Wilhelm Filderman - un avocat pentru cauza națională a României" ("Dr. Wilhelm Filderman - an Advocate for Romania's National Cause"), in Magazin Istoric, September 1996, p. 81-83
- (Rumania) "Procesul sioniștilor" ("Trial of the Zionists"), in Memoria, Juli 2000
Pranala luar
sunting
- The Beginning of the Final Solution: Murder of the Jews of Romania Diarsipkan 2021-10-26 di Wayback Machine. on the Yad Vashem website
- Romanian Jewish Community
- The Sad End of Romanian Jewry The Huffington Post
- The Holocaust in Romania from ISurvived.org. Extensive collection of web links.
- Jewish Education Network, Jewish Education in Romanian
- (Rumania) Romanian Jewish Portal, with links to major Romanian Jewish websites
- Romanian Jews in America Diarsipkan 2011-07-14 di Wayback Machine., by Vladimir F. Wertsman
- Euxeinos 1/2011: Romania and the Holocaust: Delicate Reappraisal of a Fateful Past Diarsipkan 2014-02-22 di Wayback Machine.