Infeksi oportunistik

infeksi oleh patogen yang memanfaatkan kesempatan yang biasanya tidak tersedia
(Dialihkan dari Patogen oportunistik)

Infeksi oportunistik adalah infeksi yang disebabkan oleh organisme (seperti bakteri, jamur, parasit, atau virus) yang memanfaatkan kesempatan yang biasanya tidak tersedia. Kesempatan ini dapat berupa sistem imun yang melemah (misalnya akibat AIDS atau pemberian obat imunosupresif, seperti pada perawatan kanker),[1] perubahan mikrobioma (seperti gangguan pada mikrobiota usus), atau kerusakan pada sistem integumen (seperti pada trauma tajam). Banyak di antara organisme-organisme ini yang tidak menyebabkan penyakit pada inang sehat dengan sistem imun yang baik, dan dalam beberapa kasus, mereka berperan sebagai komensal sampai keseimbangan sistem imun terganggu.[2][3] Suatu infeksi juga dapat disebut oportunistik jika suatu patogen menyebabkan penyakit ringan pada orang sehat, tetapi menyebabkan penyakit yang lebih serius saat kondisi tubuh inangnya memungkinkan.[4]

Infeksi oportunistik
Gambaran sinar-X seseorang yang pada awalnya menderita influenza dan kemudian berkembang menjadi pneumonia akibat infeksi Haemophilus influenzae, yang diduga bersifat oportunistik
Informasi umum
SpesialisasiPenyakit menular Sunting ini di Wikidata

Organisme oportunistik

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Berbagai macam patogen terlibat dalam infeksi oportunistik dan dapat menyebabkan berbagai kondisi patologis. Berikut ini beberapa patogen oportunistik dan kondisi yang ditimbulkannya.

Bakteri

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Parasit

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Penyebab

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Imunodefisiensi atau imunosupresi ditandai dengan tidak adanya atau gangguan pada komponen sistem imun, yang menyebabkan turunnya fungsi imun secara umum imunitas terhadap patogen. Kedua kondisi ini dapat disebabkan oleh berbagai faktor, termasuk:

Referensi

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