Pāṇini
Pāṇini (aksara Dewanagari: पाणिन ; IPA pɑːɳɪn̪ɪ) adalah seorang ahli bahasa dari Gandhara yang diperkirakan hidup antara abad ke-7 SM sampai abad ke-3 SM. Ia terutama termasyhur karena yang pertama kali menulis tentang tata bahasa Sanskerta yang berjudul Aṣṭādhyāyī. Karyanya ini memuat 3.959 hukum bahasa Sanskerta.
| Pāṇini | |
|---|---|
 Naskah kulit kayu betula abad ke-17 dari risalah tata bahasa oleh Pāṇini dari Kashmir | |
| Nama asal | Sanskerta: पाणिनि |
| Karya terkenal | Aṣṭādhyāyī (Bahasa Sanskerta Klasik) |
| Era | kira-kira abad ke-4 SM;[1][2][3]; kira-kira 400–350 SM[4]; kira-kira abad ke-6–5 SM[5][6] |
| Kawasan | Subbenua India barat laut [a] |
Minat utama | Tata bahasa, linguistik |
Ahli bahasa terhebat zaman kuno
Pāṇini.. adalah ahli bahasa terhebat pada zaman kuno, dan pantas diperlakukan seperti itu.
— JF Staal, ahli bahasa Sanskerta[8]
Catatan
suntingReferensi
suntingCatatan kaki
sunting- ^ Vergiani 2017, hlm. 243, n.4.
- ^ Bronkhorst 2016, hlm. 171.
- ^ Houben 2009, hlm. 6.
- ^ a b Cardona 1997, hlm. 268.
- ^ Staal 1996, hlm. 39.
- ^ Scharfe 1977, hlm. 88.
- ^ Staal 1965.
- ^ Staal 1972, hlm. xi.
Daftar pustaka
sunting- (Jerman) Otto Böhtlingk, 1998, Panini's Grammatik, Buske Helmut Verlag, ISBN 3-87548-198-4 (Cetakan ulang)
- Bhate, S. and Kak, S. (1993) Panini and Computer Science. Annals of the Bhandarkar Oriental Research Institute, vol. 72, pp. 79–94.
- Bod, Rens (2013), A New History of the Humanities: The Search for Principles and Patterns from Antiquity to the Present, Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-966521-1
- Bronkhorst, Johannes (2016), How the Brahmins Won: From Alexander to the Guptas, BRILL, ISBN 9789004315518
- Bronkhorst, Johannes (2019), A Śabda Reader: Language in Classical Indian Thought, Columbia University Press, ISBN 9780231548311
- Cardona, George (1997) [1976], Pāṇini: A Survey of Research, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-81-208-1494-3
- Harold G. Coward (1990). The Philosophy of the Grammarians, in Encyclopedia of Indian Philosophies Volume 5 (Editor: Karl Potter). Princeton University Press. ISBN 978-81-208-0426-5.
- Carter, George F.; et al. (1979). "On Mundkur on Diffusion". Current Anthropology. 20 (2): 425–428. doi:10.1086/202297.
- François, Alexandre; Ponsonnet, Maïa (2013). "Descriptive linguistics" (PDF). Dalam Jon R. McGee; Richard L. Warms. Theory in Social and Cultural Anthropology: An Encyclopedia. 1. SAGE Publications, Inc. hlm. 184–187. ISBN 9781412999632.
- Ingerman, Peter Zilahy (March 1967). ""Pāṇini-Backus Form" Suggested". Communications of the ACM. 10 (3): 137. doi:10.1145/363162.363165. Ingerman suggests that the then-called Backus normal form be renamed to the Pāṇini–Backus form, to give due credit to Pāṇini as the earliest independent inventor.
- Kadvany, John (8 February 2008). "Positional Value and Linguistic Recursion". Journal of Indian Philosophy. 35 (5–6): 487–520. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.565.2083
. doi:10.1007/s10781-007-9025-5. - Tibor Kiss (2015). Syntax - Theory and Analysis. Walter de Gruyter. ISBN 978-3-11-037740-8.
- Lidova, Natalia (1994), Drama and Ritual of Early Hinduism, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-81-208-1234-5
- Locjtfeld, James G. (2002a), The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Hinduism: A-M
, The Rosen Publishing Group, ISBN 978-0-8239-3179-8 - Misra, Kamal K. (2000), Textbook of Anthropological Linguistics, Concept Publishing Company
- Prince, Alan; Smolensky, Paul (15 April 2008). Optimality Theory: Constraint Interaction in Generative Grammar. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN 978-0-470-75939-4.
- T. R. N. Rao. Pāṇini-backus form of languages. 1998.
- Scharfe, Hartmut (1977), Grammatical Literature, Otto Harrassowitz Verlag, ISBN 978-3-447-01706-0
- Staal, Frits (April 1965), "Euclid and Pāṇini", Philosophy East and West, 15 (2): 99–116, doi:10.2307/1397332, JSTOR 1397332
- Staal, Frits (1972). A Reader on the Sanskrit Grammarians. MIT Press. ISBN 0-262-19078-8.
- Staal, Frits (1996), Ritual and Mantras: Rules Without Meaning, Motilal Banarsidass, ISBN 978-8120814127
- Tiwary, Kapil Muni 1968 Pāṇini's description of nominal compounds, University of Pennsylvania doctoral dissertation, unpublished.
- Vergiani, Vincenzo (2017), "Bhartrhari on Language, Perception, and Consciousness", dalam Ganeri, Jonardon, The Oxford Handbook of Indian Philosophy, Oxford University Press, ISBN 9780199314638
- Witzel, Michael (2009), "Moving Targets? Texts, language, archaeology and history in the Late Vedic and early Buddhist periods", Indo-Iranian Journal, 52 (2–3): 287–310, doi:10.1163/001972409X12562030836859
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