Osroene
Osroene (bahasa Yunani: Ὀσροηνή) adalah sebuah wilayah dan negara kuno di Mesopotamia Tinggi.[4] Kerajaan Osroene, dikenal juga sebagai "Kerajaan Edessa" (bahasa Suryani: ܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܐܘܪܗܝ / "Kerajaan Urhay"), berdasarkan pada nama ibu kotanya (sekarang Şanlıurfa, Turki), yang berdiri mulai abad ke-2 SM sampai abad ke-3 M, dan diperintah oleh dinasti Abgaridia.[5][6][7][8][1][9]
Osroene ܡܠܟܘܬܐ ܕܒܝܬ ܐܘܪܗܝ | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 132 SM–214 M[1] | |||||||||
 Peta yang menampilkan Osroene sebagai anak kerajaan Kerajaan Armenia pada masa kekuasaan Tigranes Agung | |||||||||
| Status | Kerajaan, negara vasal, provinsi | ||||||||
| Ibu kota | Edessa (sekarang Şanlıurfa, Turki) | ||||||||
| Bahasa yang umum digunakan | Aram (resmi) Yunani Koine Armenia | ||||||||
| Agama | Kekristenan c. 200 M(agama negara)[2][3] | ||||||||
| Pemerintahan | Monarki | ||||||||
| Raja | |||||||||
| Era Sejarah | Zaman Helenistik | ||||||||
• Didirikan | 132 SM | ||||||||
• Dibubarkan | 214 M[1] | ||||||||
| |||||||||
Lihat pula
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Referensi
sunting- ^ a b Segal 1982, hlm. 210-213.
- ^ Ball, W (2001). Rome in the East: the transformation of an empire. Routledge. hlm. 98. ISBN 978-0-415-24357-5.
- ^ Frankfurter, David (1998). Pilgrimage and Holy Space in Late Antique Egypt. BRILL. hlm. 383. ISBN 90-04-11127-1.
It was around 200 CE that Abgar IX adopted Christianity, thus enabling Edessa to become the first Christian state in history whose ruler was officially and openly a Christian.
- ^ Dupuy, Richard Ernest; Dupuy, Trevor Nevitt (1970). The Encyclopedia of Military History: From 3500 B.C. to the Present
. Harper & Row. hlm. 115. ISBN 978-0-06-011139-7.
- ^ Bowman, Alan; Garnsey, Peter; Cameron, Averil (2005). The Cambridge Ancient History: Volume 12, The Crisis of Empire, AD 193-337 (dalam bahasa Inggris). Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780521301992.
- ^ "Osroëne | ancient kingdom, Mesopotamia, Asia | Britannica".
- ^ Skolnik, Fred; Berenbaum, Michael (2007). Encyclopaedia Judaica (dalam bahasa Inggris). Macmillan Reference USA. ISBN 9780028659435.
- ^ Roberts, John Morris; Westad, Odd Arne (2013). The History of the World (dalam bahasa Inggris). Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199936762.
- ^ Laet, Sigfried J. de; Herrmann, Joachim (1996). History of Humanity: From the seventh century B.C. to the seventh century A.D. (dalam bahasa Inggris). UNESCO. ISBN 9789231028120.
Sumber
sunting- Andrade, Nathanael J. (2013). Syrian Identity in the Greco-Roman World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107244566.
- Drijvers, Hendrik J. W. (1980). Cults and Beliefs at Edessa. Leiden: Brill. ISBN 9004060502.
- Drower, Margaret Stephana; Gray, Eric William; Sherwin-White, Susan Mary (2012). "Osroëne". Dalam Hornblower, Simon; Spawforth, Antony; Eidinow, Esther. The Oxford Classical Dictionary (edisi ke-4). Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-954556-8.
- Griffith, Sidney H. (1986). "Ephraem, the Deacon of Edessa, and the Church of the Empire". Diakonia: Studies in Honor of Robert T. Meyer. Washington: CUA Press. hlm. 25–52. ISBN 9780813205960.
- Griffith, Sidney H. (2002). "Christianity in Edessa and the Syriac-Speaking World: Mani, Bar Daysan, and Ephraem, the Struggle for Allegiance on the Aramean Frontier". Journal of the Canadian Society for Syriac Studies. 2: 5–20. doi:10.31826/jcsss-2009-020104. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2018-12-11. Diakses tanggal 2023-04-13.
- Harrak, Amir (1992). "The Ancient Name of Edessa" (PDF). Journal of Near Eastern Studies. 51 (3): 209–214. doi:10.1086/373553. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 2014-08-09.
- Healey, John F. (2007). "The Edessan Milieu and the Birth of Syriac" (PDF). Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies. 10 (2): 115–127.
- Keser-Kayaalp, Elif; Drijvers, Hendrik J. W. (2018). "Edessa". The Oxford Dictionary of Late Antiquity. 1. Oxford: Oxford University Press. hlm. 516–518. ISBN 9780192562463.
- Lieu, Samuel (1997). "EDESSA". Dalam Yarshater, Ehsan. Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume VIII/2: Economy V–Education XX. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. hlm. 174–175. ISBN 978-1-56859-051-6.
- Mango, Marlia M. (1991). "Osrhoene". Dalam Kazhdan, Alexander. The Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-504652-6.
- Millar, Fergus (1967). The Roman Empire and Its Neighbours. New York: Delacorte Press. ISBN 9780440017691.
- Millar, Fergus (1987). "Empire, Community and Culture in the Roman Near East: Greeks, Syrians, Jews and Arabs". Journal of Jewish Studies. 38 (2): 143–164. doi:10.18647/1337/JJS-1987.
- Millar, Fergus (1993). The Roman Near East, 31 BC - AD 337. Cambridge: Harvard University Press. ISBN 9780674778863.
- Millar, Fergus (2004). Rome, the Greek World, and the East: Government, Society and Culture in the Roman Empire. 2. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 9780807855201.
- Millar, Fergus (2006). A Greek Roman Empire: Power and Belief under Theodosius II (408–450). Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 9780520253919.
- Millar, Fergus (2006). Rome, the Greek World, and the East: The Greek World, the Jews, and the East. 3. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press. ISBN 9780807876657.
- Millar, Fergus (2011). "Greek and Syriac in Edessa: From Ephrem to Rabbula (CE 363-435)". Semitica et Classica. 4: 99–114. doi:10.1484/J.SEC.1.102508.
- Millar, Fergus (2012). "Greek and Syriac in Fifth-Century Edessa: The Case of Bishop Hibas". Semitica et Classica. 5: 151–165. doi:10.1484/J.SEC.1.103053.
- Sartre, Maurice (2005). "The Arabs and the desert peoples". Dalam Bowman, Alan K.; Garnsey, Peter; Cameron, Averil. The Cambridge Ancient History: Volume 12, The Crisis of Empire, AD 193-337. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-0521301992.
- Segal, Judah (1982). "Abgar". Dalam Yarshater, Ehsan. Encyclopædia Iranica, Volume I/2: ʿAbd-al-Hamīd–ʿAbd-al-Hamīd. London and New York: Routledge & Kegan Paul. hlm. 210–213. ISBN 978-0-71009-091-1.
Pranala luar
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