Dalam olahraga tim, suatu nirbobol atau sapu bersih (bahasa Inggris: shutout (AS), clean sheet (UK)) adalah sebuah laga ketika tim yang kalah gagal mencetak satu poin pun. Meski mungkin terjadi dalam kebanyakan cabang olah raga paling tenar, hal ini nyaris tak mungkin terjadi dalam beberapa cabang, misalnya bola basket.

Shutouts are usually seen as a result of effective defensive play even though a weak opposing offense may be as much to blame. Some sports credit individual players, particularly goalkeepers and starting pitchers, with shutouts and keep track of them as statistics; others do not.

American football

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A shutout in American football is uncommon but not exceptionally rare. Keeping an opponent scoreless in American football requires a team's defense to be able to consistently shut down both pass and run offenses over the course of a game. The difficulty of completing a shutout is compounded by the many ways a team can score in the game. For example, teams can attempt field goals, which have a high rate of success. The range of NFL caliber kickers makes it possible for a team with a weak offense to get close enough (within 50 yards) to the goalposts and kick a field goal. Of 2,544 regular season NFL games from 2000–2009, 89 (3.5%) were shutouts.

There are at least five instances in American football in which a team had been shut out throughout an entire season, and four in which a team has shut out all of their opponents in the season (the longest of these being the ten-game perfect season in which the 1933 Providence Huskies did not concede a single point).[1]

The achievement of a shutout is much more difficult in Canadian football, where scoring and offensive movement is generally more frequent and a single point can be scored simply by punting the ball from any point on the field into the end zone.

Association football

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In association football and other sports with a goalkeeper, the goalkeeper may be said to "keep a clean sheet" if they prevent their opponents from scoring during an entire match. Because football is a relatively low-scoring game, it is common for one team, or even both teams, to score no goals.[2] A theory as to the term's origin is that sports reporters used separate pieces of paper to record the different statistical details of a game. If one team did not allow a goal, then that team's "details of goals conceded" page would appear blank, leaving a clean sheet. If a game ends with a final score of 0–0, both sides are considered to have kept a clean sheet.[3][4]

Baseball

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In Major League Baseball, a shutout (denoted statistically as ShO or SHO[5]) refers to the act by which a single pitcher pitches a complete game and does not allow the opposing team to score a run. If two or more pitchers combine to complete this act, no pitcher will be awarded a shutout, although the team itself can be said to have "shut out" the opposing team. The only exception to this is when a pitcher enters a game before the opposing team scores a run or makes an out and then completes the game without allowing a run to score. That pitcher is then awarded a shutout, although not a complete game.

The all-time career leader in shutouts is Walter Johnson, who pitched for the Washington Senators from 1907 to 1927. He accumulated 110 shutouts,[6] which is 20 more than second placed Grover Cleveland Alexander.[7] The most shutouts recorded in one season was 16, which was a feat accomplished by both Grover Alexander (1916) and George Bradley (1876).[8] These records are considered among the most secure records in baseball, as pitchers today rarely earn more than one or two shutouts per season with a heavy emphasis on pitch count and relief pitching. Complete games themselves have also become rare among starting pitchers. As of 2021, the current active leader in shutouts is Clayton Kershaw of the Los Angeles Dodgers, whose 15 shutouts ties him for 463rd all time. Only four pitchers whose entire careers were in the post-1920 live-ball era threw as many as 60 career shutouts, with Warren Spahn leading those pitchers with 63.[9]

Ice hockey

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In ice hockey, a shutout (SO) is credited to a goaltender who successfully stops the other team from scoring during the entire game. In regular season games, if the score is 0-0 with the game going to a penalty shootout, both goaltenders are credited with a shutout. A shutout may be shared between two goaltenders, but will not be listed in either of their individual statistics. The record holder for most regular-season career shutouts in the National Hockey League (NHL) is Martin Brodeur with 125 (see the all-time regular season shutout leaders). The modern-day record for a team being shut out in a season is held by the Columbus Blue Jackets at 16, during the 2006–07 season. In the event a shutout happens while using several goaltenders, the shutout will be credited to the team who shut out the opponent. However, no single goaltender will be awarded the shutout. This has happened several times in NHL history:

Clean sheets are not common in either rugby union or league, since it is relatively simple to score a penalty kick. The 2005 Gillette Rugby League Tri-Nations final was the first time that Australia had been "nilled" since 1981.[butuh rujukan] There is no alternative term for the occurrence of a team failing to score, except to say that the team scored "nil" (or "zero" or "nothing" in North America). For example, the December 2006 Celtic League match between Munster and Connacht ended 13–0 to Munster;[14] it was, therefore, said that Munster won "thirteen–nil."

Recent examples of clean sheets in international rugby union include England vs Scotland in 2014, France vs Italy in 2015, France vs Argentina in 2016, Scotland vs Italy in 2017, New Zealand vs South Africa in 2017, New Zealand vs Australia in 2019, and Wales vs Italy in 2020.

Generally, a team that is well-disciplined defensively, as well as behaviorally (not giving away penalty kicks), is most likely to not concede scores. This may also occur if there is a significant difference in class between the two teams, for example, when Scotland beat Spain (who were playing in their only Rugby World Cup) 48–0 in the 1999 Rugby World Cup,[15] or when Australia beat Namibia 142–0 in the 2003 Rugby World Cup. [16]

See also

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References

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  1. ^ "Semi-pro Football / Minor League Football - Team Points Records". www.semiprofootball.org. 
  2. ^ "What Does it Mean to Have a "Clean Sheet"?". wiseGEEK. Diakses tanggal 3 February 2014. 
  3. ^ "Wolves 0–0 Burnley: The pick of the stats". BBC Sport (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2021-12-06. 
  4. ^ "'Phenomenal' Livi clean sheet record - Martindale". BBC Sport (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2021-12-06. 
  5. ^ MLB.com (2010). "Baseball Basics: Abbreviations". Diakses tanggal July 5, 2010. 
  6. ^ Sports Reference LLC (2010). "Walter Johnson at Baseball-Reference.com". Diakses tanggal July 5, 2010. 
  7. ^ Sports Reference LLC (2010). "Pete Alexander at Baseball-Reference.com". Diakses tanggal July 5, 2010. 
  8. ^ Sports Reference LLC (2010). "Yearly League Leaders & Records for Shutouts". Diakses tanggal July 5, 2010. 
  9. ^ Sports Reference LLC (2013). "Career Leaders & Records for Shutouts". Diakses tanggal August 27, 2013. 
  10. ^ "New York Rangers at Washington Capitals Box Score — April 3, 1983". Hockey-Reference.com. Diakses tanggal April 20, 2021. 
  11. ^ "Vancouver Canucks at Nashville Predators Box Score — November 23, 2006". Hockey-Reference.com. Diakses tanggal April 20, 2021. 
  12. ^ "Toronto Maple Leafs at Montreal Canadiens Box Score — December 1, 2009". Hockey-Reference.com. Diakses tanggal April 20, 2021. 
  13. ^ "Montreal Canadiens at Pittsburgh Penguins Box Score — March 26, 2013". Hockey-Reference.com. Diakses tanggal April 20, 2021. 
  14. ^ "Munster 13–0 Connacht". BBC News. December 3, 2006. Diakses tanggal March 26, 2010. 
  15. ^ "World Cup Web 100% Unofficial". www.worldcupweb.com. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal December 15, 2006. 
  16. ^ "What is the Clean Sheet in Football / Soccer Betting - Definition". November 7, 2019. 

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