Muhammad al-Ashmar
politikus
Muhammad al-Ashmar (bahasa Arab: محمد الأشمر) (1892–1960) adalah seorang panglima pemberontak Suriah pada Pemberontakan Besar Suriah dan Pemberontakan Arab di Palestina 1936-1939. Ia merupakan figur komunis berpengaruh di Suriah setelah kemerdekaan.[1]
| Muhammad al-Ashmar | |
|---|---|
 Al-Ashmar di al-Midan, 1925 | |
| Lahir | 1892 Wilayah Al-Midan, Damaskus, Vilayet Suriah, Kekaisaran Utsmaniyah |
| Meninggal | 1960 (umur 67–68) Damaskus, Suriah |
| Kebangsaan | Suriah |
| Dikenal atas | Panglima militia dalam Pertempuran Maysalun 1920 Tokoh utama dalam Pemberontakan Besar Suriah 1925–1927 Panglima sukarelawan Suriah dalam Pemberontakan Arab di Palestina 1936–1939 |
Referensi
suntingDaftar pustaka
sunting- Atiyeh, George Nicholas (1988). Arab Civilization: Challenges and Responses. New York City: State University of New York Press. ISBN 978-0-7914-9541-4.
- Barr, James (2012). A Line in the Sand: The Anglo-French Struggle for the Middle East, 1914–1948. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 9780393070651.
- Gelvin, James L. (1998). Divided Loyalties: Nationalism and Mass Politics in Syria at the Close of Empire. California University Press. ISBN 9780520919839.
- Ginat, Rami (2010). Syria and the Doctrine of Arab Neutralism: From Independence to Dependence. Sussex Academic Press. ISBN 9781845193966.[pranala nonaktif permanen]
- Frisch, Hillel (2012). The Palestinian Military: Between Militias and Armies. W. W. Norton & Company. ISBN 9780393070651.
- Kedourie, Elie (2015). Zionism and Arabism in Palestine and Israel. Routledge. ISBN 9781317442738.
- Moubayed, Sami M. (2006). Steel & Silk: Men & Women Who Shaped Syria 1900–2000. Cune Press. ISBN 1-885942-41-9.
- Parsons, Laila (2015). "Rebels Without Borders: Southern Syria and Palestine, 1919-1936". Dalam Cyrus Schayegh. The Routledge Handbook of the History of the Middle East Mandates. Routledge. ISBN 9781317497066.
- Pierret, Thomas (2013). Religion and State in Syria: The Sunni Ulama from Coup to Revolution. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9781107026414.
- Provence, Michael (2005). The Great Syrian Revolt and the Rise of Arab Nationalism. University of Texas Press. ISBN 9780292706804.
- Thomas, Martin (2008). Empires of Intelligence: Security Services and Colonial Disorder After 1914. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0520933743.
- Thompson, Elizabeth (2013). Colonial Citizens: Republican Rights, Paternal Privilege, and Gender in French Syria and Lebanon. Columbia University Press. ISBN 9780231505154.