Mangora

genus arachnida
Mangora
Klasifikasi ilmiah
Domain:
Kerajaan:
Superfilum:
Filum:
Subfilum:
Kelas:
Ordo:
Subordo:
Famili:
Subfamili:
Tribus:
Genus:
Mangora

Spesies:

Mangora O. P.-Cambridge, 1889 adalah suatu genus laba-laba dari ordo Araneae, famili Araneidae.

Distribusi

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Ada 186 spesies yang ditemukan sampai sekarang, sebagian besar di benua Amerika; hanya beberapa ditemukan di wilayah palearctica dan timur. Spesies yang hidup di daerah luas adalah M. acalypha yang ditemukan di berbagai lokasi. Di benua Amerika didapati banyak habitat, antara lain Brasil (67 spesies), Peru (39 spesies) dan Kolombia (35 spesies).[1]

Taksonomi

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Gambar berbagai M. acalypha
 
Mangora gibberosa
 
Mangora placida di tengah sarang

Sejak 2013 spesimen semacam itu tidak lagi diteliti.[1]

Sampai Maret 2014, tercatat ada 186 spesies:[1]

  1. Mangora acalypha (Walckenaer, 1802) - daerah palearctica
  2. Mangora acaponeta Levi, 2005 - Messico
  3. Mangora acoripa Levi, 2007 - Brasil
  4. Mangora acre Levi, 2007 - Kolombia, Peru, Brasil
  5. Mangora alinahui Levi, 2007 - Ekuador, Bolivia, Brasil
  6. Mangora amacayacu Levi, 2007 - Kolombia, Venezuela, Peru, Brasil
  7. Mangora amchickeringi Levi, 2005 - Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad
  8. Mangora angulopicta Yin et al., 1990 - Tiongkok
  9. Mangora anilensis Levi, 2007 - Brasil
  10. Mangora antillana Dierkens, 2012 - Martinica
  11. Mangora antonio Levi, 2007 - Brasil
  12. Mangora apaporis Levi, 2007 - Colombia, Peru
  13. Mangora apobama Levi, 2007 - Peru, Bolivia, Brasil
  14. Mangora argenteostriata Simon, 1897 - Brasil
  15. Mangora aripeba Levi, 2007 - Brasil
  16. Mangora aripuana Levi, 2007 - Brasil
  17. Mangora asis Levi, 2007 - Colombia
  18. Mangora ayo Levi, 2007 - Colombia
  19. Mangora balbina Levi, 2007 - Brasil
  20. Mangora bambusa Levi, 2007 - Colombia
  21. Mangora barba Levi, 2007 - Colombia
  22. Mangora bemberg Levi, 2007 - Brasil, Argentina
  23. Mangora bimaculata (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) - dal Messico al Costarica
  24. Mangora blumenau Levi, 2007 - Brasil
  25. Mangora bocaina Levi, 2007 - Brasil
  26. Mangora bonaldoi Levi, 2007 - Brasil
  27. Mangora botelho Levi, 2007 - Brasil
  28. Mangora bovis Levi, 2007 - Brasil, Guyana
  29. Mangora boyaca Levi, 2007 - Colombia
  30. Mangora brokopondo Levi, 2007 - Brasil, Guyana, Suriname, Guyana Prancis
  31. Mangora browns Levi, 2007 - Suriname
  32. Mangora caballero Levi, 2007 - Brasil, Argentina
  33. Mangora cajuta Levi, 2007 - Bolivia
  34. Mangora calcarifera F. O. P.-Cambridge, 1904 - dagli USA al Costarica
  35. Mangora campeche Levi, 2005 - Messico
  36. Mangora candida Chickering, 1954 - Panama
  37. Mangora caparu Levi, 2007 - Colombia
  38. Mangora castelo Levi, 2007 - Brasil
  39. Mangora caxias Levi, 2007 - Brasil, Argentina
  40. Mangora cercado Levi, 2007 - Brasil
  41. Mangora chacobo Levi, 2007 - Peru, Bolivia, Brasil
  42. Mangora chanchamayo Levi, 2007 - Peru
  43. Mangora chao Levi, 2007 - Brasil, Paraguay
  44. Mangora chavantina Levi, 2007 - Brasil, Guyana Prancis
  45. Mangora chicanna Levi, 2005 - dal Messico all'Honduras
  46. Mangora chiguaza Levi, 2007 - Ecuador, Peru
  47. Mangora chispa Levi, 2007 - Peru
  48. Mangora chuquisaca Levi, 2007 - Bolivia, Argentina
  49. Mangora cochuna Levi, 2007 - Peru, Argentina
  50. Mangora colonche Levi, 2007 - Peru, Ecuador
  51. Mangora comaina Levi, 2007 - Peru
  52. Mangora corcovado Levi, 2005 - Costarica
  53. Mangora corocito Levi, 2007 - Venezuela, Guyana Prancis
  54. Mangora craigae Levi, 2005 - Costarica
  55. Mangora crescopicta Yin et al., 1990 - Tiongkok
  56. Mangora cutucu Levi, 2007 - Ecuador
  57. Mangora dagua Levi, 2007 - Colombia
  58. Mangora dianasilvae Levi, 2007 - Colombia, Venezuela, Trinidad, Peru, Bolivia, Brasil
  59. Mangora distincta Chickering, 1963 - dall'Honduras al Costarica
  60. Mangora divisor Levi, 2007 - Brasil
  61. Mangora eberhardi Levi, 2007 - Colombia
  62. Mangora engleri Levi, 2007 - Ecuador
  63. Mangora enseada Levi, 2007 - Brasil, Argentina
  64. Mangora explorama Levi, 2007 - Peru
  65. Mangora falconae Schenkel, 1953 - Panama, Colombia, Venezuela
  66. Mangora fascialata Franganillo, 1936 - dagli USA all'Honduras, Cuba, Hispaniola, Trinidad
  67. Mangora florestal Levi, 2007 - Brasil
  68. Mangora foliosa Zhu & Yin, 1998 - Tiongkok
  69. Mangora fornicata (Keyserling, 1864) - Colombia
  70. Mangora fortuna Levi, 2005 - Costarica, Panama
  71. Mangora fundo Levi, 2007 - Brasil
  72. Mangora gibberosa (Hentz, 1847) - America settentrionale
  73. Mangora goodnightorum Levi, 2005 - Messico
  74. Mangora grande Levi, 2007 - Venezuela
  75. Mangora hemicraera (Thorell, 1890) - Malesia
  76. Mangora herbeoides (Bösenberg & Strand, 1906) - Tiongkok, Corea, Giappone
  77. Mangora hirtipes (Taczanowski, 1878) - Peru, Brasil, Guyana, Guyana Prancis
  78. Mangora huallaga Levi, 2007 - Peru, Bolivia
  79. Mangora huancabamba Levi, 2007 - Peru
  80. Mangora ikuruwa Levi, 2007 - Venezuela, Guyana, Guyana Prancis, Peru
  81. Mangora inconspicua Schenkel, 1936 - Tiongkok
  82. Mangora insperata Soares & Camargo, 1948 - Colombia, Peru, Brasil
  83. Mangora isabel Levi, 2007 - Brasil, Guyana Prancis
  84. Mangora itabapuana Levi, 2007 - Brasil
  85. Mangora itatiaia Levi, 2007 - Brasil
  86. Mangora itza Levi, 2005 - Messico
  87. Mangora ixtapan Levi, 2005 - Messico
  88. Mangora jumboe Levi, 2007 - Ecuador
  89. Mangora keduc Levi, 2007 - Brasil
  90. Mangora kochalkai Levi, 2007 - Kolombia
  91. Mangora kuntur Levi, 2007 - Peru
  92. Mangora lactea Mello-Leitão, 1944 - Bolivia, Brasil, Argentina
  93. Mangora laga Levi, 2007 - Peru
  94. Mangora latica Levi, 2007 - Kolombia
  95. Mangora lechugal Levi, 2007 - Peru, Ekuador
  96. Mangora leticia Levi, 2007 - Kolombia
  97. Mangora leucogasteroidesRoewer, 1955 - Birmania
  98. Mangora leverger Levi, 2007 - Brasil, Paraguay
  99. Mangora logrono Levi, 2007 - Ekuador
  100. Mangora maculata (Keyserling, 1865) - USA
  101. Mangora mamiraua Levi, 2007 - Brasil
  102. Mangora manglar Levi, 2007 - Ekuador
  103. Mangora manicore Levi, 2007 - Brasil
  104. Mangora mapia Levi, 2007 - Brasil
  105. Mangora matamata Levi, 2007 - Colombia
  106. Mangora mathani Simon, 1895 - Colombia, Peru, Ecuador, Brasil
  107. Mangora maximiano Levi, 2007 - Brasil
  108. Mangora melanocephala (Taczanowski, 1874) - dal Messico all'Argentina
  109. Mangora melanoleuca Mello-Leitão, 1941 - Argentina
  110. Mangora melloleitaoi Levi, 2007 - Brasil
  111. Mangora minacu Levi, 2007 - Brasil
  112. Mangora missa Levi, 2007 - Brasil, Argentina
  113. Mangora mitu Levi, 2007 - Colombia
  114. Mangora mobilis (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) - dal Messico all'Honduras
  115. Mangora montana Chickering, 1954 - Costarica, Panama
  116. Mangora morona Levi, 2007 - Ecuador, Brasil
  117. Mangora moyobamba Levi, 2007 - Peru
  118. Mangora nahuatl Levi, 2005 - Messico
  119. Mangora nonoai Levi, 2007 - Brasil
  120. Mangora novempupillata Mello-Leitão, 1940 - Colombia, Peru, Bolivia, Brasil
  121. Mangora nuco Levi, 2007 - Peru
  122. Mangora oaxaca Levi, 2005 - Messico
  123. Mangora ordaz Levi, 2007 - Venezuela
  124. Mangora ouropreto Santos & Santos, 2011 - Brasil
  125. Mangora oxapampa Levi, 2007 - Peru
  126. Mangora pagoreni Levi, 2007 - Peru
  127. Mangora palenque Levi, 2007 - Ecuador
  128. Mangora paranaiba Levi, 2007 - Brasil
  129. Mangora passiva (O. P.-Cambridge, 1889) - dagli USA al Nicaragua
  130. Mangora paula Levi, 2007 - Brasil
  131. Mangora peichiuta Levi, 2007 - Paraguay
  132. Mangora pepino Levi, 2007 - Colombia
  133. Mangora pia Chamberlin & Ivie, 1936 - Panama, Colombia, Venezuela, Brasil
  134. Mangora picta O. P.-Cambridge, 1889[2] - dal Messico all'Honduras
  135. Mangora pira Levi, 2007 - Colombia
  136. Mangora piratini Rodrigues & Mendonça, 2011 - Brasil
  137. Mangora piroca Levi, 2007 - Brasil
  138. Mangora placida (Hentz, 1847) - America settentrionale
  139. Mangora polypicula Yin et al., 1990 - Tiongkok
  140. Mangora porcullo Levi, 2007 - Peru
  141. Mangora puerto Levi, 2007 - Peru
  142. Mangora punctipes (Taczanowski, 1878) - Peru
  143. Mangora purulha Levi, 2005 - Guatemala
  144. Mangora ramirezi Levi, 2007 - Brasil, Argentina
  145. Mangora rhombopicta Yin et al., 1990 - Tiongkok
  146. Mangora rondonia Levi, 2007 - Brasil
  147. Mangora rupununi Levi, 2007 - Guyana
  148. Mangora saut Levi, 2007 - Guyana Prancis
  149. Mangora schneirlai Chickering, 1954 - Costarica, Panama
  150. Mangora sciosciae Levi, 2007 - Argentina
  151. Mangora semiargentea Simon, 1895 - Sri Lanka
  152. Mangora semiatra Levi, 2007 - Colombia, Venezuela, Peru
  153. Mangora shudikar Levi, 2007 - Guyana
  154. Mangora sobradinho Levi, 2007 - Brasil
  155. Mangora socorpa Levi, 2007 - Colombia
  156. Mangora songyangensis Yin et al., 1990 - Tiongkok
  157. Mangora spiculata (Hentz, 1847) - USA, Tiongkok
  158. Mangora strenua (Keyserling, 1893) - Brasil, Argentina
  159. Mangora sturmi Levi, 2007 - Colombia
  160. Mangora sufflava Chickering, 1963 - Panama
  161. Mangora sumauma Levi, 2007 - Brasil
  162. Mangora taboquinha Levi, 2007 - Brasil
  163. Mangora taczanowskii Levi, 2007 - Peru
  164. Mangora tambo Levi, 2007 - Peru
  165. Mangora taraira Levi, 2007 - Colombia
  166. Mangora tarapuy Levi, 2007 - Ecuador, Brasil
  167. Mangora tarma Levi, 2007 - Peru
  168. Mangora tefe Levi, 2007 - Colombia, Ecuador, Brasil
  169. Mangora theridioides Mello-Leitão, 1948 - Guyana
  170. Mangora tschekiangensis Schenkel, 1963 - Tiongkok
  171. Mangora umbrata Simon, 1897 - Peru
  172. Mangora unam Levi, 2007 - Colombia, Peru, Brasil
  173. Mangora uraricoera Levi, 2007 - Colombia, Venezuela, Peru, Ecuador, Brasil, Guyana, Suriname, Guyana Prancis
  174. Mangora uru Levi, 2007 - Peru
  175. Mangora uziga Levi, 2007 - Paraguay, Argentina
  176. Mangora vaupes Levi, 2007 - Colombia
  177. Mangora velha Levi, 2007 - Brasil
  178. Mangora vianai Levi, 2007 - Argentina
  179. Mangora villeta Levi, 2007 - Colombia
  180. Mangora vito Levi, 2005 - Costarica
  181. Mangora volcan Levi, 2005 - Panama
  182. Mangora v-signata Mello-Leitão, 1943 - Bolivia, Brasil, Argentina
  183. Mangora yacupoi Levi, 2007 - Argentina
  184. Mangora yungas Levi, 2007 - Argentina
  185. Mangora zepol Levi, 2007 - Colombia
  186. Mangora zona Levi, 2007 - Peru

Spesies yang dipindahkan

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Referensi

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Pustaka tambahan

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  • Cambridge, O.P.-, 1889d - Arachnida. Araneida. In Biologia Centrali-Americana, Zoology. London, vol.1, pp. 1–56.Articolo in PDF
  • Mello-Leitão, C.F. de, 1943a- Catálogo das aranhas do Rio Grande do Sul. Archos Mus. nac. Rio de J. vol.37, pp. 147–245.
  • Chickering, A.M., 1963a- Three new species of Mangora (Araneae, Argiopidae) from Central America. Breviora vol.191, pp. 1–11.
  • Grasshoff, M., 1971b - Die Tribus Mangorini, IV. Die Mangora-Gruppe (Arachnida: Araneae: Araneidae-Araneinae). Senckenberg. biol. vol.52, pp. 293–311.
  • Levi, H.W., 1975b - The American orb-weaver genera Larinia, Cercidia and Mangora north of Mexico (Araneae, Araneidae). Bull. Mus.comp. Zool. Harv. vol.147, pp. 101–135.
  • Herbert Walter Levi (2005a), "The orb-weaver genus Mangora of Mexico, Central America, and the West Indies (Araneae: Araneidae)", Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 158 (4): 139-182  Diakses 5 April 2014
  • Herbert Walter Levi (2007), "The orb weaver genus Mangora in South America (Araneae, Araneida)", Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology, 159: 1-144  Diakses 5 April 2014

Pranala luar

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Templat:Araneidae