Leluhur bersama terakhir orang utan–manusia

Pemisahan filogenetik Hominidae menjadi subfamili Homininae dan Ponginae (orang utan) dimulai pada pertengahan kala Miosen, kira-kira 18 hingga 14 juta tahun yang lalu. Perpecahan ini juga dirujuk sebagai "leluhur bersama terakhir orang utan-manusia" oleh Jeffrey H. Schwartz, profesor antropologi di Fakultas Seni dan Sains Universitas Pittsburgh, dan John Grehan, direktur sains di Museum Buffalo.

Model spesiasi Hominoidea selama 20 juta tahun terakhir.

Filogeni

Hominidae (18)

Ponginae (14)   Kenyapithecus (†13 Mya)     Sivapithecus (†9)     Crown Ponginae     Ankarapithecus (†9)     Giganthopithecus (†0.1)     Khoratpithecus (†7)     Ouranopithecus     (13) (12)   Pierolapithecus (†11)     Hispanopithecus (†10)       Lufengpithecus (†7)     Homininae (13)   Graecopithecini (†8)   Crown Homininae  (10) Hominini (7)   Australopithecus (termasuk Homo)     Pan     Orrorin     Gorillini   Crown Gorillini     Chororapithecus (†)         Dryopithecini (†7)     Samburupithecus (†9)

Daftar pustaka

• Dawkins, Richard; Wong, Yan (2016). The Ancestor's Tale. ISBN 978-0544859937. 
• Grabowski, Mark; Jungers, William L. (12 October 2017). "Evidence of a chimpanzee-sized ancestor of humans but a gibbon-sized ancestor of apes". Nature Communications. 8 (1): 880. Bibcode:2017NatCo...8..880G. doi:10.1038/s41467-017-00997-4. PMC 5638852 . PMID 29026075. 
• Nengo, Isaiah; Tafforeau, Paul; Gilbert, Christopher C.; Fleagle, John G.; Miller, Ellen R.; Feibel, Craig; Fox, David L.; Feinberg, Josh; Pugh, Kelsey D.; Berruyer, Camille; Mana, Sara; Engle, Zachary; Spoor, Fred (10 August 2017). "New infant cranium from the African Miocene sheds light on ape evolution" (PDF). Nature. 548 (7666): 169–174. Bibcode:2017Natur.548..169N. doi:10.1038/nature23456. PMID 28796200. 
• Kunimatsu, Yutaka; Nakatsukasa, Masato; Sawada, Yoshihiro; Sakai, Tetsuya; Hyodo, Masayuki; Hyodo, Hironobu; Itaya, Tetsumaru; Nakaya, Hideo; Saegusa, Haruo; Mazurier, Arnaud; Saneyoshi, Mototaka; Tsujikawa, Hiroshi; Yamamoto, Ayumi; Mbua, Emma (4 December 2007). "A new Late Miocene great ape from Kenya and its implications for the origins of African great apes and humans". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 104 (49): 19220–19225. Bibcode:2007PNAS..10419220K. doi:10.1073/pnas.0706190104 . PMC 2148271 . PMID 18024593.