Baning floreana

spesies reptil
(Dialihkan dari Kura-kura galapagos)

Baning Floreana ( Chelonoidis niger niger ), juga dikenal sebagai baning pulau Charles , adalah subspesies baning Galápagos yang telah punah dan endemik di kepulauan Galápagos di Samudera Pasifik timur khatulistiwa . Julukan khusus niger ('hitam') mungkin mengacu pada pewarnaan spesimen holotipe . Nama spesies sering salah dieja sebagai nigra , sebuah kesalahan yang terjadi pada tahun 1980-an ketika Chelonoidis diangkat ke genus dan secara keliru dianggap sebagai feminin, sebuah kesalahan yang dikenali dan diperbaiki pada tahun 2017.

Baning floreana
Chelonoidis niger Edit nilai pada Wikidata

Edit nilai pada Wikidata
Status konservasi
Punah
IUCN9023 Edit nilai pada Wikidata
Taksonomi
SubspesiesChelonoidis niger Edit nilai pada Wikidata
Quoy dan Gaimard, 1824
Tata nama
Sinonim takson
Sinonim spesies[1]
  • Testudo californiana
    Quoy & Gaimard, 1824a[2] (nomen oblitum)
  • Testudo nigra
    Quoy & Gaimard, 1824b[3] (nomen novum)
  • Testudo elephantopus
    Harlan, 1827[4] (nomen dubium)
  • Testudo nigrita
    Duméril dan Bibron, 1834[5] (nomen dubium)
  • Testudo planiceps
    Gray, 1853[6] (nomen dubium)
  • Testudo clivosa
    Garman, 1917[7] (nomen dubium)
  • Testudo typica
    Garman, 1917[7] (nomen dubium)
  • Testudo (Chelonoidis) elephantopus
    Williams, 1952[8]
  • Geochelone (Chelonoidis) elephantopus
    Pritchard, 1967[9]
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus
    Bour, 1980[10]
Sinonim subspesies (rangkuman)[11]

C. n. nigra (Subspesies nominat)

C. n. abingdoni

  • Testudo ephippium
    Günther, 1875[13] (partim, misidentified type specimen once erroneously attributed to what is now C. n. duncanensis)
  • Testudo abingdoni
    Günther, 1877[14]

C. n. becki

C. n. chathamensis

C. n. darwini

C. n. duncanensis

C. n. hoodensis

C. n. phantastica

C. n. porteri

C. n. vicina

Sinonim subspesies (lengkap)[20]
Chelonoidis nigra nigra
  • Testudo nigra Quoy & Gaimard, 1824
  • Testudo californiana Quoy & Gaimard, 1824
  • Testudo galapagoensis Baur, 1889
  • Testudo elephantopus galapagoensis Mertens & Wermuth, 1955
  • Geochelone elephantopus galapagoensis Pritchard, 1967
  • Chelonoidis galapagoensis Bour, 1980
  • Chelonoidis nigra Bour, 1985
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus galapagoensis Obst, 1985
  • Geochelone nigra Pritchard, 1986
  • Geochelone nigra nigra Stubbs, 1989
  • Chelonoidis nigra galapagoensis David, 1994
  • Chelonoidis nigra nigra David, 1994
  • Geochelone elephantopus nigra Bonin, Devaux & Dupré, 1996
  • Testudo california Paull, 1998 (ex errore)
  • Testudo californianana Paull, 1999 (ex errore)
Chelonoidis nigra abingdonii
  • Testudo ephippium Günther, 1875
  • Testudo abingdonii Günther, 1877
  • Testudo abingdoni Van Denburgh, 1914 (ex errore)
  • Testudo elephantopus abingdonii Mertens & Wermuth, 1955
  • Testudo elephantopus ephippium Mertens & Wermuth, 1955
  • Geochelone abingdonii Pritchard, 1967
  • Geochelone elephantopus abingdoni Pritchard, 1967
  • Geochelone elephantopus ephippium Pritchard, 1967
  • Geochelone ephippium Pritchard, 1967
  • Chelonoidis abingdonii Bour, 1980
  • Chelonoidis ephippium Bour, 1980
  • Geochelone elephantopus abingdonii Groombridge, 1982
  • Geochelone abingdoni Fritts, 1983
  • Geochelone epphipium Fritts, 1983 (ex errore)
  • Chelonoidis nigra ephippium Pritchard, 1984
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus abingdoni Obst, 1985
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus ephippium Obst, 1985
  • Geochelone nigra abingdoni Stubbs, 1989
  • Chelonoidis nigra abingdonii David, 1994
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus abingdonii Rogner, 1996
  • Chelonoidis nigra abingdonii Bonin, Devaux & Dupré, 1996
  • Chelonoidis nigra abdingdonii Obst, 1996 (ex errore)
  • Geochelone abdingdonii Obst, 1996
  • Geochelone nigra abdingdoni Obst, 1996 (ex errore)
  • Geochelone nigra ephyppium Caccone, Gibbs, Ketmaier, Suatoni & Powell, 1999 (ex errore)
  • Chelonoidis nigra ahingdonii Artner, 2003 (ex errore)
  • Chelonoidis abingdoni Joseph-Ouni, 2004
Chelonoidis nigra becki
  • Testudo becki Rothschild, 1901
  • Testudo bedsi Heller, 1903 (ex errore)
  • Geochelone becki Pritchard, 1967
  • Geochelone elephantopus becki Pritchard, 1967
  • Chelonoidis becki Bour, 1980
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus becki Obst, 1985
  • Chelonoidis nigra beckii David, 1994 (ex errore)
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus beckii Rogner, 1996
  • Chelonoidis nigra becki Obst, 1996
Chelonoidis nigra chathamensis
  • Testudo wallacei Rothschild, 1902
  • Testudo chathamensis Van Denburgh, 1907
  • Testudo elephantopus chathamensis Mertens & Wermuth, 1955
  • Testudo elephantopus wallacei Mertens & Wermuth, 1955
  • Testudo chatamensis Slevin & Leviton, 1956 (ex errore)
  • Geochelone chathamensis Pritchard, 1967
  • Geochelone elephantopus chathamensis Pritchard, 1967
  • Geochelone elephantopus wallacei Pritchard, 1967
  • Geochelone wallacei Pritchard, 1967
  • Chelonoidis chathamensis Bour, 1980
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus chathamensis Obst, 1985
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus wallacei Obst, 1985
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus chatamensis Gosławski & Hryniewicz, 1993
  • Chelonoidis nigra chathamensis David, 1994
  • Chelonoidis nigra wallacei Bonin, Devaux & Dupré, 1996
  • Geochelone cathamensis Obst, 1996 (ex errore)
  • Geochelone elephantopus chatamensis Paull, 1996
  • Testudo chathamensis chathamensis Pritchard, 1998
  • Cherlonoidis nigra wallacei Wilms, 1999
  • Geochelone nigra chatamensis Caccone, Gibbs, Ketmaier, Suatoni & Powell, 1999
  • Geochelone nigra wallacei Chambers, 2004

Chelonoidis nigra darwini

  • Testudo wallacei Rothschild, 1902
  • Testudo darwini Van Denburgh, 1907
  • Testudo elephantopus darwini Mertens & Wermuth, 1955
  • Testudo elephantopus wallacei Mertens & Wermuth, 1955
  • Geochelone darwini Pritchard, 1967
  • Geochelone elephantopus darwini Pritchard, 1967
  • Geochelone elephantopus wallacei Pritchard, 1967
  • Geochelone wallacei Pritchard, 1967
  • Chelonoidis darwini Bour, 1980
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus darwini Obst, 1985
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus wallacei Obst, 1985
  • Chelonoidis nigra darwinii David, 1994 (ex errore)
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus darwinii Rogner, 1996
  • Chelonoidis nigra darwini Bonin, Devaux & Dupré, 1996
  • Chelonoidis nigra wallacei Bonin, Devaux & Dupré, 1996
  • Cherlonoidis nigra wallacei Wilms, 1999
  • Geochelone nigra darwinii Ferri, 2002
  • Geochelone nigra wallacei Chambers, 2004
Chelonoidis nigra duncanensis
  • Testudo duncanensis Garman, 1917 (nomen nudum)
  • Geochelone nigra duncanensis Stubbs, 1989
  • Geochelone nigra duncanensis Garman, 1996
  • Chelonoidis nigra duncanensis Artner, 2003
  • Chelonoidis duncanensis Joseph-Ouni, 2004
Chelonoidis nigra hoodensis
  • Testudo hoodensis Van Denburgh, 1907
  • Testudo elephantopus hoodensis Mertens & Wermuth, 1955
  • Geochelone elephantopus hoodensis Pritchard, 1967
  • Geochelone hoodensis Pritchard, 1967
  • Chelonoidis hoodensis Bour, 1980
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus hoodensis Obst, 1985
  • Chelonoidis nigra hoodensis David, 1994
Chelonoidis nigra phantastica
  • Testudo phantasticus Van Denburgh, 1907
  • Testudo phantastica Siebenrock, 1909
  • Testudo elephantopus phantastica Mertens & Wermuth, 1955
  • Geochelone elephantopus phantastica Pritchard, 1967
  • Geochelone phantastica Pritchard, 1967
  • Chelonoidis phantastica Bour, 1980
  • Geochelone phantasticus Crumly, 1984
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus phantastica Obst, 1985
  • Chelonoidis nigra phantastica David, 1994
Chelonoidis nigra porteri
  • Testudo nigrita Duméril & Bibron, 1835
  • Testudo porteri Rothschild, 1903
  • Testudo elephantopus nigrita Mertens & Wermuth, 1955
  • Geochelone elephantopus porteri Pritchard, 1967
  • Geochelone nigrita Pritchard, 1967
  • Chelonoidis nigrita Bour, 1980
  • Geochelone elephantopus nigrita Honegger, 1980
  • Geochelone porteri Fritts, 1983
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus nigrita Obst, 1985
  • Geochelone nigra porteri Stubbs, 1989
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus porteri Gosławski & Hryniewicz, 1993
  • Chelonoidis nigra nigrita David, 1994
  • Geochelone nigra perteri Müller & Schmidt, 1995 (ex errore)
  • Chelonoidis nigra porteri Bonin, Devaux & Dupré, 1996
Chelonoidis nigra vicina
  • Testudo elephantopus Harlan, 1827
  • Testudo microphyes Günther, 1875
  • Testudo vicina Günther, 1875
  • Testudo macrophyes Garman, 1917
  • Testudo vandenburghi de Sola, 1930
  • Testudo elephantopus elephantopus Mertens & Wermuth, 1955
  • Geochelone elephantopus Williams, 1960
  • Geochelone elephantopus elephantopus Pritchard, 1967
  • Geochelone elephantopus guentheri Pritchard, 1967
  • Geochelone elephantopus guntheri Pritchard, 1967 (ex errore)
  • Geochelone elephantopus microphyes Pritchard, 1967
  • Geochelone elephantopus vandenburgi Pritchard, 1967 (ex errore)
  • Geochelone guntheri Pritchard, 1967
  • Geochelone microphyes Pritchard, 1967
  • Geochelone vandenburghi Pritchard, 1967
  • Geochelone vicina Pritchard, 1967
  • Geochelone elephantopus microphys Arnold, 1979 (ex errore)
  • Geochelone elephantopus vandenburghi Pritchard, 1979
  • Chelonoides elephantopus Obst, 1980
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus Bour, 1980
  • Chelonoidis guentheri Bour, 1980
  • Chelonoidis microphyes Bour, 1980
  • Chelonoidis vandenburghi Bour, 1980
  • Geochelone guentheri Fritts, 1983
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus elephantopus Obst, 1985
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus guentheri Obst, 1985
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus microphyes Obst, 1985
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus vandenburghi Obst, 1985
  • Geochelone elephantopus vicina Swingland, 1989
  • Geochelone elephantopus vicini Swingland, 1989 (ex errore)
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus guntheri Gosławski & Hryniewicz, 1993
  • Chelonoidis nigra guentheri David, 1994
  • Chelonoidis nigra microphyes David, 1994
  • Chelonoidis nigra vandenburghi David, 1994
  • Geochelone nigra elephantopus Müller & Schmidt, 1995
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus vicina Rogner, 1996
  • Geochelone elephantopus vandenburghii Obst, 1996 (ex errore)
  • Geochelone vandenburghii Obst, 1996
  • Chelonoidis nigra microphyies Bonin, Devaux & Dupré, 1996 (ex errore)
  • Geochelone elephantopus microphytes Paull, 1996 (ex errore)
  • Geochelone elephantopus vandenbergi Paull, 1996 (ex errore)
  • Testudo elephantopus guntheri Paull, 1999
  • Chelonoidis nigra vicina Artner, 2003
  • Chelonoidis vicina Joseph-Ouni, 2004
  • Geochelone nigra guentheri Chambers, 2004[20]
ProtonimTestudo nigra Edit nilai pada Wikidata
Spesies
Spesies[21]
Baning floreana
Chelonoidis niger Edit nilai pada Wikidata

Illustration of the shell
Status konservasi
Punah
IUCN9023 Edit nilai pada Wikidata
Taksonomi
SubspesiesChelonoidis niger Edit nilai pada Wikidata
Quoy dan Gaimard, 1824
Tata nama
Sinonim takson
  • Testudo nigra Quoy & Gaimard, 1824
  • Testudo elephantopus Harlan, 1826
  • Testudo californica Gray, 1831
  • Testudo planiceps Gray, 1854
  • Testudo galapagoensis Baur, 1889
  • Testudo elephantopus elephantopus Mertens & Wermuth, 1955
  • Testudo elephantopus galapagoensis Wermuth & Mertens, 1955
  • Geochelone elephantopus elephantopus Pritchard, 1967
  • Chelonoidis elephantopus elephantopus Obst, 1985
  • Geochelone elephantopus Ernst & Barbour, 1989
  • Geochelone nigra King & Burke, 1989
  • Chelonoidis nigra David, 1994
  • Chelonoidis nigra galapagoensis David, 1994
  • Chelonoidis niger Olson & David, 2014
ProtonimTestudo nigra Edit nilai pada Wikidata
Distribusi

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Lihat: Spesies kura-kura galápagos

Distribusi

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Referensi

sunting
  1. ^ a b Pritchard 1996, hlm. 49
  2. ^ a b Quoy, J.R.C.; Gaimard, J.P. (1824). "Description d'une nouvelle espèce de tortue et de trois espèces nouvelles de scinques". Bulletin des Sciences Naturelles et de Géologie (dalam bahasa French). Paris. 1: 90–91. 
  3. ^ a b c Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Quoy b
  4. ^ Harlan, Richard (1827). "Description of a land tortoise, from the Galápagos Islands, commonly known as the "Elephant Tortoise"". Journal of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia. 5: 284–292. Diakses tanggal 2012-01-11. 
  5. ^ a b Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama DB1834
  6. ^ Gray, John Edward (1853). "Description of a new species of tortoise (Testudo planiceps), from the Galapagos Islands". Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London. 21 (1): 12–13. doi:10.1111/j.1469-7998.1853.tb07165.x. Diakses tanggal 2012-01-11. 
  7. ^ a b c d e Garman, Samuel (1917). "The Galapagos tortoises". Memoirs of the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard College. 30 (4): 261–296. 
  8. ^ Williams, Ernest E.; Anthony, Harold Elmer; Goodwin, George Gilbert (1952). "A new fossil tortoise from Mona Island West Indies and a tentative arrangement of the tortoises of the world". Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History. 99 (9): 541–560. hdl:2246/418. 
  9. ^ Pritchard, Peter Charles Howard (1967). Living turtles of the world. New Jersey: TFH Publications. hlm. 156. 
  10. ^ Bour, R. (1980). "Essai sur la taxinomie des Testudinidae actuels (Reptilia, Chelonii)". Bulletin du Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle (dalam bahasa French). Paris. 4 (2): 546. 
  11. ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama R2010
  12. ^ a b Baur, G. (1889). "The Gigantic Land Tortoises of the Galapagos Islands" (PDF). The American Naturalist. 23 (276): 1039–1057. doi:10.1086/275045. Diakses tanggal 2012-01-11. 
  13. ^ a b c d e Günther, Albert (1875). "Description of the living and extinct races of gigantic land-tortoises. parts I. and II. introduction, and the tortoises of the Galapagos Islands". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B. 165: 251–284. Bibcode:1875RSPT..165..251G. doi:10.1098/rstl.1875.0007. JSTOR 109147. 
  14. ^ a b Günther 1877, hlm. 85
  15. ^ a b Rothschild, Walter (1901). "On a new land-tortoise from the Galapagos Islands". Novitates Zoologicae. 8: 372. Diakses tanggal 2012-01-11. 
  16. ^ a b Rothschild, Walter (1902). "Description of a new species of gigantic land tortoise from the Galápagos Islands". Novitates Zoologicae. 9: 619. Diakses tanggal 2012-01-11. 
  17. ^ a b c d e f g h Van Denburgh, John (1907). "Preliminary descriptions of four new races of gigantic land tortoises from the Galapagos Islands". Proceedings of the California Academy of Sciences, Series 4. 1: 1–6. Diakses tanggal 2012-01-12. 
  18. ^ a b Rothschild, Walter (1903). "Description of a new species of gigantic land tortoise from Indefatigable Island". Novitates Zoologicae. 10: 119. Diakses tanggal 2012-01-11. 
  19. ^ DeSola, Ralph (1930). "The liebespiel of Testudo vandenburghi, a new name for the mid-Albemarle Island Galápagos tortoise". Copeia. 1930 (3): 79–80. doi:10.2307/1437060. JSTOR 1437060. 
  20. ^ a b Fritz Uwe; Peter Havaš (2007). "Checklist of Chelonians of the World" (PDF). Vertebrate Zoology. 57 (2): 271–276. ISSN 1864-5755. Diarsipkan dari versi asli (PDF) tanggal 17 December 2010. Diakses tanggal 29 May 2012. 
  21. ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama iucnredlist.org
  22. ^ van Dijk, P.P., Rhodin, A.G.J., Cayot, L.J. & Caccone, A. (2017). "Floreana Giant Tortoise". Red List. IUCN. Diakses tanggal 30 June 2021.