Klonidin

senyawa kimia

Klonidin adalah obat untuk menurunkan tekanan darah dengan menurunkan kadar bahan kimia tertentu dalam darah. Penggunaan obat klonidin berefek pembuluh darah menjadi rileks dan jantung berdetak lebih lambat. Obat klonidin digunakan untuk mengobati hipertensi (tekanan darah tinggi).[8]

Klonidin
Nama sistematis (IUPAC)
N-(2,6-Dichlorophenyl)-4,5--1H-imidazol-2-amine
Data klinis
Nama dagang Catapres, Kapvay, Nexiclon, others
AHFS/Drugs.com monograph
MedlinePlus a682243
Data lisensi US Daily Med:pranala
Kat. kehamilan B3(AU)
Status hukum Harus dengan resep dokter (S4) (AU) -only (CA) POM (UK) -only (US)
Rute By mouth, epidural, intravenous (IV), transdermal, topical
Data farmakokinetik
Bioavailabilitas 70–80% (oral),[1][2] 60–70% (transdermal)[3]
Ikatan protein 20–40%[4]
Metabolisme Liver to inactive metabolites,[4] 2/3 CYP2D6[5]
Waktu paruh IR: 12–16 hours; 41 hours in kidney failure,[6][7] 48 hours for repeated dosing[3]
Ekskresi Urine (72%)[4]
Pengenal
Nomor CAS 4205-90-7 YaY
Kode ATC C02AC01
PubChem CID 2803
Ligan IUPHAR 516
DrugBank DB00575
ChemSpider 2701 YaY
UNII MN3L5RMN02 YaY
KEGG D00281 YaY
ChEBI CHEBI:3757 YaY
ChEMBL CHEMBL134 YaY
Data kimia
Rumus C9H9Cl2N3 
  • InChI=1S/C9H9Cl2N3/c10-6-2-1-3-7(11)8(6)14-9-12-4-5-13-9/h1-3H,4-5H2,(H2,12,13,14) YaY
    Key:GJSURZIOUXUGAL-UHFFFAOYSA-N YaY

Referensi

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  1. ^ Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama davies
  2. ^ "Catapres- clonidine hydrochloride tablet". DailyMed. 6 September 2016. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 4 August 2020. Diakses tanggal 21 December 2019. The pharmacokinetics of clonidine is dose-proportional in the range of 100 to 600 µg.The absolute bioavailability of clonidine on oral administration is 70% to 80%. Peak plasma clonidine levels are attained in approximately 1 to 3 hours. 
  3. ^ a b Lowenthal DT, Matzek KM, MacGregor TR (May 1988). "Clinical pharmacokinetics of clonidine". Clinical Pharmacokinetics. 14 (5): 287–310. doi:10.2165/00003088-198814050-00002. PMID 3293868. 
  4. ^ a b c "clonidine (Rx) - Catapres, Catapres-TTS, more." Medscape Reference. WebMD. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 4 December 2020. Diakses tanggal 10 November 2013. 
  5. ^ Claessens AJ, Risler LJ, Eyal S, Shen DD, Easterling TR, Hebert MF (September 2010). "CYP2D6 mediates 4-hydroxylation of clonidine in vitro: implication for pregnancy-induced changes in clonidine clearance". Drug Metabolism and Disposition. 38 (9): 1393–1396. doi:10.1124/dmd.110.033878. PMC 2939473 . PMID 20570945. 
  6. ^ "Catapres- clonidine hydrochloride tablet". DailyMed. 6 September 2016. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 4 August 2020. Diakses tanggal 21 December 2019. Following intravenous administration, clonidine displays biphasic disposition with a distribution half-life of about 20 minutes and an elimination half-life ranging from 12 to 16 hours. The half-life increases up to 41 hours in patients with severe impairment of renal function. Clonidine crosses the placental barrier. It has been shown to cross the blood–brain barrier in rats. 
  7. ^ "Kapvay". RxList. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 12 October 2017. Diakses tanggal 30 October 2014. 
  8. ^ https://www.drugs.com/clonidine.html. "Clonidine: Uses, Dosage, Side Effects, Warnings". Drugs.com (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2023-06-23.