Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
Khān Abdul Ghaffār Khān (6 Februari 1890 – 20 Januari 1988) (bahasa Pashtun: خان عبدالغفار خان), yang berjudul Bāchā Khān (Pashto: باچا خان, artinya "raja para pemimpin") atau Pāchā Khān (پاچا خان), adalah seorang aktivis kemerdekaan Pashtun melawan pemerintahan British Raj. Ia merupakan pemimpin politik dan spiritual yang dikenal karena perlawanan non-kekerasannya, dan pasifis seumur hidup dan Muslim taat.[1] Sebagai teman dekat dari Mohandas Gandhi, Bacha Khan dijuluki "Frontier Gandhi" di British India.[2]
| Fakhr-e Afghān (فخر افغان) or Ghaffar Khan Baba Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan Badshah Khan | |
|---|---|
 Bacha Khan difoto pada 1940an | |
| Lahir | 6 Februari 1890 Utmanzai, Hashtnagar, Kawasan Persukuan Garis Depan Provinsi Punjab, India Britania (sekarang Distrik Charsadda, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan) |
| Meninggal | 20 Januari 1988 (usia 97) Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan |
| Makam | Jalalabad, Nangarhar, Afghanistan |
| Kebangsaan | India Britania – (1890–1947) Pakistani - (1947-1988) |
| Organisasi | Khudai Khidmatgar Kongres Nasional India Partai Sosialis Pakistan Partai Awami Nasional |
| Gerakan politik | Khudai Khidmatgar, Gerakan Kemerdekaan India |
| Suami/istri | Meharqanda Kinankhel
(m. 1912–1918)Nambata Kinankhel
(m. 1920–1926) |
| Anak | Abdul Ghani Khan Abdul Wali Khan Sardaro Mehar Taja Abdul Ali Khan |
| Orang tua | Bahram Khan |
| Penghargaan | Amnesty International Prisoner of Conscience of the Year (1962) Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding (1967) Bharat Ratna (1987) |
| |
Catatan kaki
sunting- ^ An American Witness to India's Partition by Phillips Talbot Year (2007) Sage Publications ISBN 978-0-7619-3618-3
- ^ Raza, Moonis; Ahmad, Aijazuddin (1990). An Atlas of Tribal India: With Computed Tables of District-level Data and Its Geographical Interpretation. Concept Publishing Company. hlm. 1. ISBN 9788170222866.
Referensi
sunting- Habib, Irfan (September–October 1997). "Civil Disobedience 1930–31". Social Scientist. Social Scientist. 25 (9–10): 43. doi:10.2307/3517680. JSTOR 3517680.
- Johansen, Robert C. (1997). "Radical Islam and Nonviolence: A Case Study of Religious Empowerment and Constraint Among Pashtuns". Journal of Peace Research. 34 (1): 53–71. doi:10.1177/0022343397034001005.
- Caroe, Olaf. 1984. The Pathans: 500 B.C.-A.D. 1957 (Oxford in Asia Historical Reprints)." Oxford University Press. ISBN 0-19-577221-0
- Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1969). My life and struggle: Autobiography of Badshah Khan (as narrated to K.B. Narang). Translated by Helen Bouman. Hind Pocket Books, New Delhi.
- Rajmohan Gandhi (2004). Ghaffar Khan: non-violent Badshah of the Pakhtuns. Viking, New Delhi. ISBN 0-670-05765-7.
- Eknath Easwaran (1999). Nonviolent Soldier of Islam: Ghaffar Khan, a man to match his mountains. Nilgiri Press Diarsipkan 2006-06-17 di Wayback Machine., Tomales, CA. ISBN 1-888314-00-1
- Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan: A True Servant of Humanity by Girdhari Lal Puri pp 188–190.
- Mukulika Banerjee (2000). Pathan Unarmed: Opposition & Memory in the North West Frontier. School of American Research Press. ISBN 0-933452-68-3
- Pilgrimage for Peace: Gandhi and Frontier Gandhi Among N.W.F. Pathans, Pyarelal, Ahmedabad, Navajivan Publishing House, 1950.
- Tah Da Qam Da Zrah Da Raza, Abdul Ghaffar Khan, Mardan [Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa] Ulasi Adabi Tolanah, 1990.
- Thrown to the Wolves: Abdul Ghaffar, Pyarelal, Calcutta, Eastlight Book House, 1966.
Pranala luar
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Teks sumber dari Wikisource |
- Interview Diarsipkan 2011-06-15 di Wayback Machine. with Ghaffar Khan
- Baacha Khan Trust Diarsipkan 2016-06-09 di Wayback Machine.
- Columbia University pictures
- Photograph Collection[pranala nonaktif permanen]