John Gilchrist

John Gilchrist, lahir di Edinburgh pada 1759 dan meninggal pada 1841, merupakan seorang ahli bedah, linguis, filolog, indolog asal Skotlandia. Dia adalah seorang guru Hindustan dan Persia di Kolkata, Edinburgh dan London.^[1] Dia menghabiskan sebagian besar awal kariernya di India, di mana dia mempelajari bahasa lokal. Pada 1787 hingga 1796, dia menyusun dan menulis An English-Hindustani Dictionary dan A Grammar of the Hindoostanee Language , The Oriental Linguist, dan banyak lagi. Leksikon Hindustan-nya diterbitkan dalam Aksara Arab, Aksara Nāgarī, dan Romanisasi.^[2]^[3]^[4]^[5] Dia juga dikenal karena perannya dalam pendirian Universitas Kolese London dan karena memberikan Gilchrist Educational Trust.^[6]

Karya yang diterbitkan

A Dictionary: English and Hindoostanee, Calcutta: Stuart and Cooper, 1787–90.
A Grammar, of the Hindoostanee Language, or Part Third of Volume First, of a System of Hindoostanee Philology, Calcutta: Chronicle Press, 1796.
The Anti-Jargonist; a short and familiar introduction to the Hindoostanee Language, with an extensive Vocabulary, Calcutta, 1800.
Dialogues, English and Hindoostanee, calculated to promote the colloquial intercourse of Europeans, on the most useful and familiar subjects, with the natives of India, upon their arrival in that country, Calcutta, 1802(?). Second edition: Edinburgh, Manners and Miller et al., 1809. lxiii, 253 p.
The Hindee Director, or Student's Introductor to the Hindoostanee Language; comprising the Practical outlines of the improved Orthoepy and Orthography, along with first and general Principles of its Grammar, Calcutta, 1802.
The Hindee-Arabic Mirror; or improved Arabic practical tables of such Arabic words which are intimately connected with a due knowledge of the Hindoostanee language, Calcutta, 1802.
The Hindee-Roman Orthoepigraphical Ultimatum, or a systematic descriptive view of the Oriental and Occidental visible sounds of fixed and practical principles for the Language of the East, Calcutta, 1804.
British Indian Monitor; or, the Antijargonist, Stranger's Guide, Oriental Linguist, and Various Other Works, compressed into a series of portable volumes, on the Hindoostanee Language, improperly called Moors; with considerable information respecting Eastern tongues, manners, customs, &c., Edinburgh: Walker & Grieg, 1806–8.
Parliamentary reform, on constitutional principles; or, British loyalty against continental royalty, the whole host of sacerdotal inquisitors in Europe, and every iniquitous judge, corrupt ruler, venal corporation, rotten borough, slavish editor, or Jacobitical toad-eater within the British Empire, Glasgow: W. Lang. 1815.
The Orienti-Occidental Tuitionary Pioneer to Literary Pursuits, by the King's and Company's Officers of all Ranks, Capacities, and Departments, either as probationers at scholastic establishments, during the early periods of life, their outward voyage to the East, or while actually serving in British India...A Complete Regular Series of Fourteen Reports...earnestly recommending also the general Introduction, and efficient Culture immediately, of Practical Orientalism, simultaneously with Useful Occident Learning at all the Colleges, respectable Institutions, Schools, or Academies, in the United Kingdom,...a brief prospectus of the art of thinking made easy and attractive to Children, by the early and familiar union of theory with colloquial practice, on commensurate premises, in some appropriate examples, lists, &c. besides a Comprehensive Panglossal Diorama for a universal Language and Character...a perfectly new theory of Latin verbs, London: 1816.
The Oriental Green Bag!! Or a Complete Sketch of Edwards Alter in the Royal Exchequer, Containing a full Account of the Battle with the Books between a Belle and a Dragon: by a radical admirer of the great Sir William Jones's civil, religious, and political creed, against whom information have recently been lodged for the Treasonable Offence and heinous crime of deep-rooted Hostility to Corruption and Despotism, in every Shape and Form; on the sacred oath of Peeping Tom at Coventry, London: J.B. Gilchrist, 1820.
The Hindee-Roman Orthoepigraphical Ultimatum;or a systematic, descriminative view of Oriental and Occidental visible Sounds, on fixed and practical principles for acquiring the ... pronunciation of many Oriental languages; exemplified in one hundred popular anecdotes, ... and proverbs of the Hindoostanee story teller, London: 1820.
The General East India Guide and Vade Mecum: for the public functionary, government officer, private agent, trader or foreign sojourner, in British India, and the adjacent parts of Asia immediately connected with the honourable East India Company, London: Kingsbury, Parbury and Allen, 1825.
Dialogues, English and Hindoostanee; for illustrating the grammatical principles of the Strangers' East Indian Guide, and to promote the colloquial intercourse of Europeans on the most indispensable and familiar subjects with the Natives of India immediately upon their arrival in Hindoostan, London: Kingsley, Parbury, and Allen, 1826.
A Practical Appeal to the Public, Through a Series of Letters, in Defence of the New System of Physic, London: Parbury, Allen, & Co. 1833.
A Bold Epistolary Rhapsody Addressed to the Proprietors of East-India Stock in particular, and to every individual of the Welch, Scottish and English nations in general, London: Ridgway, 1833.

Referensi

^ Dezobry et Bachelet, Dictionnaire de biographie, vol. 1, Ch. Delagrave, 1878, p. 1185
^ Ramchandani, Indu (2000). Students' Britannica India, Volumes 1–5. Popular Prakashan. hlm. 298–300. ISBN 978-0-85229-760-5.
^ Mukherjee, Sujit (1999). A Dictionary of Indian Literature: Beginnings-1850. Orient Blackswan. hlm. 113–114. ISBN 978-81-250-1453-9.
^ Malik, Jamal (2008). Islam in South Asia: A Short History. BRILL. hlm. 285. ISBN 978-90-04-16859-6.
^ Schimmel, Annemarie (1975). Classical Urdu Literature from the Beginning to Iqbāl. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. hlm. 207. ISBN 978-3-447-01671-1.
^ The World Year Book of Education. Evans Bros. 1937. hlm. 266.

Lihat pula

Bahasa Hindustan

Daftar pustaka

John Gilchrist dans Pierre Larousse, Grand dictionnaire universel du XIXe siècle, Paris, Administration du grand dictionnaire universel, 15 vol., 1863-1890
Richard Steadman-Jones, Colonialism and grammatical representation: John Gilchrist and the analysis of the Hindustani language in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries Publications of the Philological Society; 41, 2007 9781405161329
Sadiqur-Rahman Kidwai, Gilchrist and the 'Language of Hindoostan', PhD thesis, University of Delhi. Rachna Prakashan, 1972.

[1] Dezobry et Bachelet, Dictionnaire de biographie, vol. 1, Ch. Delagrave, 1878, p. 1185

[R1-2] Ramchandani, Indu (2000). Students' Britannica India, Volumes 1–5. Popular Prakashan. hlm. 298–300. ISBN 978-0-85229-760-5.

[R2-3] Mukherjee, Sujit (1999). A Dictionary of Indian Literature: Beginnings-1850. Orient Blackswan. hlm. 113–114. ISBN 978-81-250-1453-9.

[R3-4] Malik, Jamal (2008). Islam in South Asia: A Short History. BRILL. hlm. 285. ISBN 978-90-04-16859-6.

[R6-5] Schimmel, Annemarie (1975). Classical Urdu Literature from the Beginning to Iqbāl. Otto Harrassowitz Verlag. hlm. 207. ISBN 978-3-447-01671-1.

[6] The World Year Book of Education. Evans Bros. 1937. hlm. 266.

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