Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne
Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne (23 April 1756 – 3 Juni 1819), juga dikenal sebagai Jean Nicolas, adalah seorang tokoh Prancis dari zaman Revolusi Prancis. Meskipun bukan salah satu tokoh terkenal dari Revolusi Prancis, Jacques Nicolas Billaud-Varenne adalah figur penting dari masa yang dikenal sebagai Pemerintahan Teror.
Jacques-Nicolas Billaud-Varenne | |
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Presiden Komite Keamanan Masyarakat ke-3 | |
Masa jabatan 31 Juli 1794 – 1 September 1794 | |
Presiden Konvensi Nasional ke-27 | |
Masa jabatan 5 September 1793 – 19 September 1793 | |
Anggota Konvensi Nasional | |
Masa jabatan 7 September 1792 – 26 Oktober 1795 | |
Daerah pemilihan | Seine |
Anggota Komite Keamanan Masyarakat | |
Masa jabatan 6 September 1793 – 1 September 1794 | |
Informasi pribadi | |
Lahir | Jacques Nicolas Billaud 23 April 1756 La Rochelle, Kerajaan Prancis |
Meninggal | 3 Juni 1819 Port-au-Prince, Haiti | (umur 63)
Kebangsaan | Prancis |
Partai politik | La Montagne |
Suami/istri | Anne-Angélique Doye |
Almamater | Universitas Poitiers |
Pekerjaan | Pengacara, politikus |
Julukan | "Sang Harimau" |
Sunting kotak info • L • B |
Karya
sunting- "Despotisme des ministres de France, combattu par les droits de la Nation, par les loix fondamentales, par les ordonnances…" (dalam bahasa Prancis). ("Despotism of the ministers of France, combatted by the rights of the Nation, by the fundamental laws, by the ordinances…"), Paris, 1789.
- Mémoires écrits au Port-au-Prince en 1818, contenant la relation de ses voyages et aventures dans le Mexique, depuis 1815 jusqu'en 1817. ("Memoirs written in Port-au-Prince in 1818, containing the relation of his voyages and adventures in Mexico, from 1815 to 1817"), Paris, 1821 [probably forgeries].
- Billaud Varenne membre du comité de salut public : Mémoires inédits et Correspondance. Accompagnés de notices biographiques sur Billaud Varenne et Collot d'Herbois ("Billaud Varenne, member of the Committee of Public Safety: Unpublished memoirs and correspondence. Accompanied by biographical notes on Billaud Varenne and Collot d'Herbois"), Paris, Librairie de la Nouvelle Revue, 1893 (edited by Alfred Begis).
Referensi
sunting- Atribusi
- Artikel ini menyertakan teks dari suatu terbitan yang sekarang berada pada ranah publik: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "Billaud-Varenne, Jacques Nicolas". Encyclopædia Britannica. 3 (edisi ke-11). Cambridge University Press. hlm. 933–934. In turn, it gives the following references:
- Billaud-Varenne's autobiographical sketch of his youth, Tableau du prémier age, composed in 1786 - published in 1888 in the review La Révolution française.
- François Victor Alphonse Aulard, Les Orateurs de la législative et de la convention (2nd ed., 1906).
Sumber
sunting- Arthur Conte, Billaud Varenne: Géant de la Révolution, Paris, Editions Orban, 1989
- Jacques Guilaine, Billaud-Varenne: l'ascète de la Révolution (1756–1819), Paris, Fayard, 1969
- Auguste Kuscinski: Dictionnaire des conventionnels, Paris, Société de l'Histoire de la Révolution française, F. Rieder, 1916 <New edition: Brueil-en-Vexin, Editions du Vexin français, 1973>
- Robert R. Palmer, Twelve Who Ruled: The Year of the Terror in the French Revolution, Princeton, Princeton University Press, 1941 <New edition: Princeton Classic Editions, 2005. – ISBN 0-691-12187-7>
- Schama, Simon. Citizens: A Chronicle of the French Revolution (New York: Vintage Books, 1989), 809, 840.
- Levitine, George. Culture and Revolution: Cultural Ramifications of the French Revolution (College Park, Maryland: Department of Art History, 1989), 70-79.
- Tom Malone: "Billaud-Varenne - Anwalt des Terrors". BOD, Hamburg 2014, ISBN 978-3-7347-3899-9.