Isotop bromin
nuklida dengan nomor atom 35 tetapi dengan nomor massa berbeda
Bromin (35Br) memiliki dua isotop stabil, 79Br dan 81Br, serta 32 radioisotop yang diketahui, yang paling stabil adalah 77Br, dengan waktu paruh 57,036 jam.
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Berat atom standar Ar°(Br) |
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Daftar isotop
suntingNuklida [n 1] |
Z | N | Massa isotop (Da) [n 2][n 3] |
Waktu paruh |
Mode peluruhan [n 4] |
Isotop anak [n 5][n 6] |
Spin dan paritas [n 7][n 8] |
Kelimpahan alami (fraksi mol) | |||||||||||
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Energi eksitasi | Proporsi normal | Rentang variasi | |||||||||||||||||
68Br[2] | 35 | 33 | 67,95836(28)# | ~50 ndtk | p | 67Se | 3+# | ||||||||||||
69Br | 35 | 34 | 68,95011(11)# | <24 ndtk | p | 68Se | 1/2−# | ||||||||||||
70Br | 35 | 35 | 69,94479(33)# | 79,1(8) mdtk | β+ | 70Se | 0+# | ||||||||||||
70mBr | 2292,2(8) keV | 2,2(2) dtk | β+ | 70Se | (9+) | ||||||||||||||
IT | 70Br | ||||||||||||||||||
71Br | 35 | 36 | 70,93874(61) | 21,4(6) dtk | β+ | 71Se | (5/2)− | ||||||||||||
72Br | 35 | 37 | 71,93664(6) | 78,6(24) dtk | β+ | 72Se | 1+ | ||||||||||||
72mBr | 100,92(3) keV | 10,6(3) dtk | IT (>99,9%) | 72Br | 1− | ||||||||||||||
β+ (<0,1%) | 72Se | ||||||||||||||||||
73Br | 35 | 38 | 72,93169(5) | 3,4(2) mnt | β+ | 73Se | 1/2− | ||||||||||||
74Br | 35 | 39 | 73,929891(16) | 25,4(3) mnt | β+ | 74Se | (0−) | ||||||||||||
74mBr | 13,58(21) keV | 46(2) mnt | β+ | 74Se | 4(+#) | ||||||||||||||
75Br | 35 | 40 | 74,925776(15) | 96,7(13) mnt | β+ | 75Se | 3/2− | ||||||||||||
76Br | 35 | 41 | 75,924541(10) | 16,2(2) jam | β+ | 76Se | 1− | ||||||||||||
76mBr | 102,58(3) keV | 1,31(2) dtk | IT (99,4%) | 76Br | (4)+ | ||||||||||||||
β+ (0,6%) | 76Se | ||||||||||||||||||
77Br | 35 | 42 | 76,921379(3) | 57,036(6) jam | β+ | 77Se | 3/2− | ||||||||||||
77mBr | 105,86(8) keV | 4,28(10) mnt | IT | 77Br | 9/2+ | ||||||||||||||
78Br | 35 | 43 | 77,921146(4) | 6,46(4) mnt | β+ (99,99%) | 78Se | 1+ | ||||||||||||
β− (0,01%) | 78Kr | ||||||||||||||||||
78mBr | 180,82(13) keV | 119,2(10) µdtk | (4+) | ||||||||||||||||
79Br | 35 | 44 | 78,9183371(22) | Stabil | 3/2− | 0,5069(7) | |||||||||||||
79mBr | 207,61(9) keV | 4,86(4) dtk | IT | 79Br | (9/2+) | ||||||||||||||
80Br | 35 | 45 | 79,9185293(22) | 17,68(2) mnt | β− (91,7%) | 80Kr | 1+ | ||||||||||||
β+ (8,3%) | 80Se | ||||||||||||||||||
80mBr | 85,843(4) keV | 4,4205(8) jam | IT | 80Br | 5− | ||||||||||||||
81Br | 35 | 46 | 80,9162906(21) | Stabil | 3/2− | 0,4931(7) | |||||||||||||
81mBr | 536,20(9) keV | 34,6(28) µdtk | 9/2+ | ||||||||||||||||
82Br | 35 | 47 | 81,9168041(21) | 35,282(7) jam | β− | 82Kr | 5− | ||||||||||||
82mBr | 45,9492(10) keV | 6,13(5) mnt | IT | 82Br | 2− | ||||||||||||||
β− | 82Kr | ||||||||||||||||||
83Br | 35 | 48 | 82,915180(5) | 2,40(2) jam | β− | 83Kr | 3/2− | ||||||||||||
83mBr | 3068,8(6) keV | 700(100) ndtk | (19/2−) | ||||||||||||||||
84Br | 35 | 49 | 83,916479(16) | 31,80(8) mnt | β− | 84Kr | 2− | ||||||||||||
84m1Br | 320(10) keV | 6,0(2) mnt | β− | 84Kr | 6− | ||||||||||||||
84m2Br | 408,2(4) keV | <140 ndtk | 1+ | ||||||||||||||||
85Br | 35 | 50 | 84,915608(21) | 2,90(6) mnt | β− | 85Kr | 3/2− | ||||||||||||
86Br | 35 | 51 | 85,918798(12) | 55,1(4) dtk | β− | 86Kr | (2−) | ||||||||||||
87Br | 35 | 52 | 86,920711(19) | 55,65(13) dtk | β− (97,48%) | 87Kr | 3/2− | ||||||||||||
β−, n (2,52%) | 86Kr | ||||||||||||||||||
88Br | 35 | 53 | 87,92407(4) | 16,29(6) dtk | β− (93,42%) | 88Kr | (2−) | ||||||||||||
β−, n (6,48%) | 87Kr | ||||||||||||||||||
88mBr | 272,7(3) keV | 5,4(7) µdtk | |||||||||||||||||
89Br | 35 | 54 | 88,92639(6) | 4,40(3) dtk | β− (86,2%) | 89Kr | (3/2−,5/2−) | ||||||||||||
β−, n (13,8%) | 88Kr | ||||||||||||||||||
90Br | 35 | 55 | 89,93063(8) | 1,91(1) dtk | β− (74,8%) | 90Kr | |||||||||||||
β−, n (25,2%) | 89Kr | ||||||||||||||||||
91Br | 35 | 56 | 90,93397(8) | 541(5) mdtk | β− (80%) | 91Kr | 3/2−# | ||||||||||||
β−, n (20%) | 90Kr | ||||||||||||||||||
92Br | 35 | 57 | 91,93926(5) | 0,343(15) dtk | β− (66,9%) | 92Kr | (2−) | ||||||||||||
β−, n (33,1%) | 91Kr | ||||||||||||||||||
93Br | 35 | 58 | 92,94305(32)# | 102(10) mdtk | β− (89%) | 93Kr | 3/2−# | ||||||||||||
β−, n (11%) | 92Kr | ||||||||||||||||||
94Br | 35 | 59 | 93,94868(43)# | 70(20) mdtk | β− (70%) | 94Kr | |||||||||||||
β−, n (30%) | 93Kr | ||||||||||||||||||
95Br | 35 | 60 | 94,95287(54)# | 50# mdtk [>300 ndtk] | 3/2−# | ||||||||||||||
96Br | 35 | 61 | 95,95853(75)# | 20# mdtk [>300 ndtk] | |||||||||||||||
97Br | 35 | 62 | 96,96280(86)# | 10# mdtk [>300 ndtk] | 3/2−# | ||||||||||||||
98Br[3] | 35 | 63 | |||||||||||||||||
101Br[4] | 35 | 66 | |||||||||||||||||
Header & footer tabel ini: |
- ^ mBr – Isomer nuklir tereksitasi.
- ^ ( ) – Ketidakpastian (1σ) diberikan dalam bentuk ringkas dalam tanda kurung setelah digit terakhir yang sesuai.
- ^ # – Massa atom bertanda #: nilai dan ketidakpastian yang diperoleh bukan dari data eksperimen murni, tetapi setidaknya sebagian dari tren dari Permukaan Massa (trends from the Mass Surface, TMS).
- ^
Mode peluruhan:
IT: Transisi isomerik n: Emisi neutron p: Emisi proton - ^ Simbol miring tebal sebagai anak – Produk anak hampir stabil.
- ^ Simbol tebal sebagai anak – Produk anak stabil.
- ^ ( ) nilai spin – Menunjukkan spin dengan argumen penempatan yang lemah.
- ^ # – Nilai yang ditandai # tidak murni berasal dari data eksperimen, tetapi setidaknya sebagian dari tren nuklida tetangga (trends of neighboring nuclides, TNN).
Referensi
sunting- ^ Meija, J.; et al. (2016). "Atomic weights of the elements 2013 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure Appl. Chem. 88 (3): 265–91. doi:10.1515/pac-2015-0305.
- ^ Wimmer, K.; et al. (2019). "Discovery of 68Br in secondary reactions of radioactive beams". Physics Letters B. 795: 266–270. arXiv:1906.04067 . doi:10.1016/j.physletb.2019.06.014.
- ^ Ohnishi, Tetsuya; Kubo, Toshiyuki; Kusaka, Kensuke; et al. (2010). "Identification of 45 New Neutron-Rich Isotopes Produced by In-Flight Fission of a 238U Beam at 345 MeV/nucleon". J. Phys. Soc. Jpn. Physical Society of Japan. 79 (7): 073201. doi:10.1143/JPSJ.79.073201 .
- ^ Sumikama, T.; et al. (2021). "Observation of new neutron-rich isotopes in the vicinity of Zr110". Physical Review C. 103. doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.103.014614.
- Massa isotop dari:
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- Komposisi isotop dan massa atom standar dari:
- de Laeter, John Robert; Böhlke, John Karl; De Bièvre, Paul; Hidaka, Hiroshi; Peiser, H. Steffen; Rosman, Kevin J. R.; Taylor, Philip D. P. (2003). "Atomic weights of the elements. Review 2000 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 75 (6): 683–800. doi:10.1351/pac200375060683 .
- Wieser, Michael E. (2006). "Atomic weights of the elements 2005 (IUPAC Technical Report)". Pure and Applied Chemistry. 78 (11): 2051–2066. doi:10.1351/pac200678112051 .
- "News & Notices: Standard Atomic Weights Revised". International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry. 19 Oktober 2005.
- Data waktu paruh, spin, dan isomer dipilih dari sumber-sumber berikut.
- Audi, Georges; Bersillon, Olivier; Blachot, Jean; Wapstra, Aaldert Hendrik (2003), "The NUBASE evaluation of nuclear and decay properties", Nuclear Physics A, 729: 3–128, Bibcode:2003NuPhA.729....3A, doi:10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2003.11.001
- National Nuclear Data Center. "NuDat 2.x database". Laboratorium Nasional Brookhaven.
- Holden, Norman E. (2004). "11. Table of the Isotopes". Dalam Lide, David R. CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics (edisi ke-85). Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press. ISBN 978-0-8493-0485-9.