Howard Percy Robertson
Howard Percy "Bob" Robertson (27 Januari 1903 – 26 Agustus 1961) adalah seorang matematikawan dan fisikawan Amerika yang dikenal karena kontribusi terkait kosmologi fisika dan prinsip ketidakpastian Heisenberg. Ia merupakan Profesor Fisika Matematika di California Institute of Technology dan Princeton University.
| Howard Percy Robertson | |
|---|---|
| Lahir | 27 Januari 1903 Hoquiam, Washington |
| Meninggal | 26 Agustus 1961 (umur 58) Pasadena, California |
| Kebangsaan | Amerika Serikat |
| Almamater | University of Washington California Institute of Technology |
| Dikenal atas | Metrik Friedmann–Lemaître–Robertson–Walker Efek Poynting–Robertson Hubungan Robertson–Schrödinger |
| Penghargaan | Medal for Merit (1946) |
| Karier ilmiah | |
| Bidang | Fisikawan |
| Institusi | California Institute of Technology Princeton University |
| Disertasi | On Dynamical Space-Times Which Contain a Conformal Euclidean 3-Space (1925) |
| Pembimbing doktoral | Harry Bateman |
| Mahasiswa doktoral | Abraham H. Taub |
Robertson membuat kontribusi berpengaruh pada matematika mekanika kuantum, relativitas umum dan geometri diferensial. Menerapkan relativitas pada kosmologi, ia mengembangkan konsep persebaran alam semesta, dan memprediski peralihan merah. Namanya sangat sering dikaitkan dengan efek Poynting–Robertson, proses dimana radiasi matahari menyebabkan debut mengorbit bintang untuk mengalahkan angular momentum, yang ia juga deskripsikan dalam hal relativitas umum.
Pada masa Perang Dunia II, Robertson bertugas dengan National Defense Research Committee (NDRC) dan Office of Scientific Research and Development (OSRD). Ia menjadi Konsultan Teknikal untuk Sekretaris Perang, OSRD Liaison Officer di London, dan Ketua Seksi Penasehat Intelijensi Saintifik di Markas Besar Tertinggi Pasukan Ekspedisioner Sekutu.
Setelah perang, Robertson menjadi direktur Weapons System Evaluation Group dalam Office of the Secretary of Defense dari 1950 sampai 1952, ketua Robertson Panel tentang UFO pada 1953 dan Penasehat Saintifik untuk Komandan Tertinggi Sekutu Eropa NATO pada 1954 dan 1955. Ia menjadi Ketua Defense Science Board dari 1956 sampai 1961, dan anggota President's Science Advisory Committee (PSAC) dari 1957 sampai 1961.
Catatan
suntingReferensi
sunting- Greenspan, Nancy Thorndike (2005). The End of the Certain World: The Life and Science of Max Born. New York: Basic Books. ISBN 0-7382-0693-8. OCLC 56534998.
- Greenstein, Jesse L. (1980). "Howard Percy Robertson – January 27, 1903 – August 26, 1961". Biographical Memoirs. 51: 343–364.
- Jacobsen, Annie (2014). Operation Paperclip: The Secret Intelligence Program that Brought Nazi Scientists to America. Little, Brown. ISBN 978-0-316-22105-4.
- Jones, Reginald Victor (1978). "The Wizard War: British Scientific Intelligence, 1939–1945". Coward, McCann & Geoghegan. ISBN 9780698108967.
- Physics Today (1961). "Howard P. Robertson". Physics Today. 14 (11): 90. doi:10.1063/1.3057266.
- Rabi, I. I. (2006). "Stories from the Early Days of Quantum Mechanics". Physics Today. 59: 36–41. Bibcode:2006PhT....59h..36R. doi:10.1063/1.2349731.
- Robertson, H. P. (1927). "Dynamical space-times which contain a conformal Euclidean-space". Transactions of the American Mathematical Society. 29: 481–496. doi:10.1090/S0002-9947-1927-1501400-9.
- Robertson, H. P. (1928). "Bemerkung über separierbare Systeme in der Wellenmechanik". Mathematische Annalen (dalam bahasa German). 98 (1): 749–752. doi:10.1007/BF01451624. ISSN 0025-5831.
- Robertson, H. P. (1928). "On Relativistic Cosmology". The London, Edinburgh, and Dublin Philosophical Magazine and Journal of Science. 7. 5 (31): 835–848. doi:10.1080/14786440508564528.
- Robertson, H. P.; Weyl, H. (1929). "On a problem in the theory of groups arising in the foundations of infinitesimal geometry". Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society. 35 (5): 716–725. doi:10.1090/S0002-9904-1929-04801-8. ISSN 0273-0979.
- Robertson, H. P. (July 1929). "The Uncertainty Principle". Physical Review. American Physical Society. 34 (1): 163–164. Bibcode:1929PhRv...34..163R. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.34.163. ISSN 0031-899X.
- Robertson, H. P. (1929). "On the Foundations of Relativistic Cosmology". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 15 (11): 822–829. Bibcode:1929PNAS...15..822R. doi:10.1073/pnas.15.11.822.
- Robertson, H. P. (November 1934). "An Indeterminacy Relation for Several Observables and Its Classical Interpretation". Physical Review. American Physical Society. 46 (9): 794–801. Bibcode:1934PhRv...46..794R. doi:10.1103/PhysRev.46.794. ISSN 0031-899X.
- Robertson, H. P. (April 1937). "Dynamical effects of radiation in the solar system". Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. Royal Astronomical Society. 97: 423–438. Bibcode:1937MNRAS..97..423R. doi:10.1093/mnras/97.6.423.
- Robertson, H. P. (1938). "Note on the preceding paper: The two body problem in general relativity". The Annals of Mathematics. 2. 39: 101–104. doi:10.2307/1968715. ISSN 0003-486X.
- Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics (December 1962). "H. P. Robertson: 1903–1961". Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics. 10 (4): 741–750. JSTOR 2098919.