Edward Bernays
Edward Louis James Bernays (/bərˈneɪz/; Jerman: [bɛɐ̯ˈnaɪs]; 22 November 1891 – 9 Maret 1995) adalah seorang pionir Austria-Amerika dalam bidang hubungan masyarakat dan propaganda, merujuk dalam obituarinya sebagai "bapak hubungan masyarakat".[2] Bernays diangkat menjadi salah satu dari 100 orang Amerika paling berpengaruh pada abad ke-20 oleh majalah Life.[3] Ia adalah subyek dari biografi jangka penuh karya Larry Tye berjudul The Father of Spin (1999) dan kemudian sebuah dokumenter tahun 2002 pemenang penghargaan untuk BBC karya Adam Curtis berjudul The Century of the Self.
| Edward Bernays | |
|---|---|
 Bernays 1917 | |
| Lahir | Edward Bernays[1] 22 November 1891 Vienna, Austria-Hungaria |
| Meninggal | 9 Maret 1995 (umur 103) Cambridge, Massachusetts, AS |
| Pekerjaan | Hubungan masyarakat, periklanan |
| Karya terkenal | Crystallizing Public Opinion (1923), Propaganda (1928), Public Relations (1945), The Engineering of Consent (1955) |
| Suami/istri | Doris E. Fleischman |
| Anak | Doris Bernays, Anne Bernays |
| Orang tua | Ely Bernays Anna Freud |
| Kerabat | Martha Bernays (bibi) Sigmund Freud (paman) Isaac Bernays (kakek buyut) |
  | |
Kampanye-kampanye paling terkenalnya meliputi sebuah upaya tahun 1929 untuk mempromosikan perempuan perokok dengan rokok-rokok bermerek khusus feminis "Torches of Freedom" dan karyanya pada United Fruit Company berkaitan dengan pelengseran pemerintahan Guatemala pada 1954. Ia bekerja untuk puluha perusahaan Amerika besar yang meliputi Procter & Gamble dan General Electric, dan untuk badan-badan pemerintahan, politikus dan organisasi nirlaba.
Dari beberapa buku buatannya, Crystallizing Public Opinion (1923) dan Propaganda (1928) meraih perhatian khusus sebagai upaya-upaya awal untuk mendefinisikan dan menteorisasikan bidang hubungan masyarakat. Ia banyak mengutip karya-karya dari para penulis seperti Gustave Le Bon, Wilfred Trotter, Walter Lippmann, dan pamannya sendiri Sigmund Freud.
Referensi
sunting- ^ Tye (1998), p. 147. “Feeling he was too short, at 5 feet 4 inches, Eddie seemed determined to make everything else larger than life. He even inflated his name with an L., a middle initial that was not on his birth record in Vienna. It apparently stood for Louis, although even his daughters aren’t sure, since he didn’t like to talk about it.
- ^ "Edward Bernays, 'Father of Public Relations' And Leader in Opinion Making, Dies at 103". The New York Times. March 10, 1995.
- ^ Ewen, Stuart (1996). "Chapter 1: Visiting Edward Bernays". PR! A Social History Of Spin – Chapter 1. Basic Books. Diarsipkan dari versi asli tanggal 2008-09-05. Diakses tanggal 2017-08-18.
Sumber
sunting- Bernays, Edward. Biography of an Idea: Memoirs of Public Relations Counsel Edward L. Bernays New York: Simon and Schuster, 1965.
- Cutlip, Scott M. The Unseen Power: Public Relations. A History. Hove, UK: Lawrence Erlbaum, 1994. ISBN 0-8058-1465
- Ewen, Stuart. PR! A Social History of Spin. New York: Basic Books (Perseus), 1996. ISBN 0-465-06179-6
- Marks, Barry Alan. “The Idea of Propaganda in America.” PhD dissertation accepted at the University of Minnesota, 1957.
- Olasky, Marvin. “Reception of Edward Bernays’ Doctrine of ‘Manipulating Public Opinion”. Paper presented at the Annual Meeting of the Association for Education in Journalism and Mass Communication, 6 August 1984; (ERIC).</ref>
- Olasky, Marvin. “Bringing ‘Order Out of Chaos”: Edward Bernays and the Salvation of Society Through Public Relations”. Journalism History, 12(1), Spring 1985.
- Rampton, Sheldon, and John Stauber. Trust Us, We’re Experts! How Industry Manipulates Science and Gambles With Your Future. New York: Jeremy P. Tarcher/Putnam, 2001. ISBN 1-58542-059-X
- Tye, Larry. The Father of Spin: Edward L. Bernays and the Birth of Public Relations. New York: Crown, 1998. ISBN 0-517-7043-8
Bacaan tambahan
sunting- American National Biography v. 2, Oxford University Press, 1999.
- John Stauber and Sheldon Rampton, Toxic Sludge Is Good For You: Lies, Damn Lies and the Public Relations Industry
- Edward Bernays, Biography of an Idea: Memoirs of a Public Relations Counsel (excerpt )
- Curtis, Adam (November 26, 2008). "Century Of Self. 1-1 Happiness Machines". BBC. Diakses tanggal February 12, 2010.
- "Freud's Nephew and the Origins of Public Relations". National Public Radio. Diakses tanggal 2010-02-12.
- Nimmo, Dan D.; Chevelle Newsome (1997). Political Commentators in the United States in the 20th Century: A Bio-Critical Sourcebook. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood Press. hlm. 1–9. ISBN 0-313-29585-9.
- Marvin Olasky column on his interview with Bernays at Townhall.com Diarsipkan 2008-12-07 di Wayback Machine.
- Wilfred Trotter (1919). Instincts of the Herd in Peace and War – 4th impression, with postscript. New York, MacMillan.
- Stephen Bender. Karl Rove & the Spectre of Freud’s Nephew, LewRockwell.com, 2005-02-04
Pranala luar
sunting
- Edward L. Bernays papers at Library of Congress (finding aid)
- Some Bernays papers at LOC are online as part of “Prosperity and Thrift: The Coolidge Era and the Consumer Economy, 1921–1929”.
- The Edward L. Bernays papers, 1982–1998 (bulk 1993–1995) Diarsipkan 2017-10-19 di Wayback Machine. are located in the Northeastern University Libraries, Archives and Special Collections Department, Boston, MA.
- Torches of Freedom Video Clip
- Edward L. Bernays tells the story of "Torches of Freedom" in his own words – video clip −1999 Diarsipkan 2014-07-18 di Wayback Machine.
- "Everett Dean Martin and Edward L. Bernays, Are We Victims of Propaganda? (Library of Congress reproduction from The Forum Magazine, March, 1929)". Memory.loc.gov. Diakses tanggal 2010-02-12.
- Booknotes interview with Larry Tye on The Father of Spin: Edward L. Bernays & The Birth of Public Relations, September 20, 1998. Diarsipkan 2014-11-07 di Wayback Machine.
- Kemunculan di C-SPAN
- Karya Edward L. Bernays di Project Gutenberg
- Karya oleh/tentang Edward Bernays di Internet Archive (pencarian dioptimalkan untuk situs non-Beta)
- LETTER TO MR. EDWARD L. BERNAYS FROM <Sanitized> RDP80B01676R003800020083-0 ; “LETTER TO MR. EDWARD L. BERNAYS FROM <Sanitized> RDP80B01676R003800020084-9 ”, 1958, Central Intelligence Agency,