Benjamin Constant
Henri-Benjamin Constant de Rebecque (bahasa Prancis: [kɔ̃stɑ̃]; 25 Oktober 1767 – 8 Desember 1830), atau Benjamin Constant, adalah aktivis politik Swiss-Perancis sekaligus penulis di bidang politik dan agama. Ia menulis novel psikologis-biografi berjudul Adolphe. Ia merupakan sosok liberal yang lantang[2] pada awal abad ke-19. Tulisan-tulisannya memengaruhi gerakan Liberal Trienio di Spanyol, Revolusi Liberal 1820 di Portugal, Perang Kemerdekaan Yunani, Pemberontakan November di Polandia, Revolusi Belgia, dan liberalisme di Brasil dan Meksiko.
Benjamin Constant | |
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| Anggota Dewan Perwakilan | |
| Masa jabatan 14 April 1819 – 8 Desember 1830 | |
| Daerah pemilihan | Sarthe (1819–24) Seine ke-4 (1824–27) Bas-Rhin ke-1 (1827–30) |
| Anggota Dewan Negara | |
| Masa jabatan 20 April 1815 – 8 Juli 1815 | |
| Ditunjuk oleh | Napoleon I |
| Anggota Tribunat | |
| Masa jabatan 25 Desember 1799 – 27 Maret 1802 | |
| Daerah pemilihan | Léman |
| Informasi pribadi | |
| Lahir | Henri-Benjamin Constant de Rebecque 25 Oktober 1767 Lausanne, Konfederasi Swiss |
| Meninggal | 8 Desember 1830 (umur 63) Paris, Perancis |
| Kebangsaan | Perancis Swiss |
| Partai politik | Republik (1799–1802) Kiri Liberal (1819–24) Liberal-Doctrinaire (1824–30) |
| Suami/istri | Wilhelmine von Cramm
(m. 1789; c. 1795)Charlotte von Hardenberg
(m. 1808; meninggal 1830) |
| Almamater | Universitas Edinburgh Universitas Erlangen |
| Profesi | |
| Karier menulis | |
| Periode | Abad ke-18 dan 19 |
| Genre | Syair, novel |
| Tema | Kebebasan, psikologi, cinta |
| Aliran sastra | Romantisisme, liberalisme klasik[1] |
| Karya terkenal |
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| Tahun aktif | 1796–1830 |
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Latar belakang
suntingHenri-Benjamin Constant lahir di Lausanne dari keluarga Constant de Rebecque. Pada tahun 1787, ia kembali ke benua Eropa, dengan melakukan perjalanan menggunakan kuda melalui Skotlandia dan Inggris. Di Paris, di rumah Jean-Baptiste-Antoine Suard ia berkenalan dengan Isabelle de Charrière, seorang wanita Belanda berusia 46 tahun, yang kemudian membantu menerbitkan Pengakuan Rousseau.
Karya
sunting- De la Force du Gouvernement actuel et De la Necessite de s'y rallier (1796)
- Des reactions politiques (1797)
- Des effets de la terreur (1797)
- Fragments d'un ouvrage abandonné sur la possibilité d'une constitution républicaine dans un grand pays (1803–1810)
- Principes de Politique Applicables a Tous les Gouvernements (1806–1810)
- Cécile (1811, 1st publ. 1951)
- De l'esprit de conquête et d'usurpation dans leurs rapports avec la civilisation actuelle (1815) (kritik terhadap Napoleon Bonaparte)
- Adolphe (novel)
- De la religion considérée dans sa source, ses formes et son développement (5 volume, 1824–1831; tentang agama kuno)
Lihat pula
suntingReferensi
sunting- ^ Ralph Raico, Classical Liberalism and the Austrian School, Ludwig von Mises Institute, 2012, p. 222.
- ^ Craiutu, A. (2012) A Virtue for Courageous Minds: Moderation in French Political Thought, 1748–1830, pp. 199, 202–03
Bacaan lanjutan
sunting- Gauchet, Marcel. "Constant," in A Critical Dictionary of the French Revolution, ed. François Furet and Mona Ozouf (1989), p. 924.
- Rosenblatt, H. "Why Constant? A Critical Overview of the Constant Revival", Cambridge Journals (2004)
- Furet, F. (1981). "La Révolution sans la Terreur? Le débat des historiens du XIXe siècle", in Le Débat pp. 13, 41.
- Vincent, K. Steven. 'Benjamin Constant, the French Revolution, and the Origins of French Romantic Liberalism', in French Historical Studies; 23:4 (2000 Fall), pp. 607–37 in Project MUSE
- Wood, Dennis. Benjamin Constant: A Biography (1993).
- Gossman, Lionel (May 2004). "Between Passion and Irony: Benjamin Constant's Liberal Balancing Act" (PDF).
- A. Pitt, 'The Religion of the Moderns: Freedom and Authenticity in Constant's De la Religion', in History of Political Thought; xxi, 1 (2000), 67–87.
- "Principles of Politics Applicable to all Representative Governments", Constant: Political Writings (Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought) – Biancamaria Fontana (Trans & Ed.) Cambridge, 1988.
- Mauro Barberis, Benjamin Constant. Rivoluzione, costituzione, progresso (1988. Il Mulino, Bologna)
- Paul Bastid, Benjamin Constant et sa doctrine, I–II (1966. Colin, Paris)
- Catrine Carpenter, 'Benjamin Constant's religious politics', in History of European Ideas; 35,4 (2009), 503–09.
- Pierre Deguise, Benjamin Constant méconnu. Le livre De la religion, avec des documents inédits (1966. Droz, Genève)
- Stefano De Luca, Il pensiero politico di Benjamin Constant (1993. Laterza, Roma-Bari)
- Béatrice Fink (dir.), Benjamin Constant : philosophe, historien, romancier et homme d'État (actes du colloque de l'université du Maryland, octobre 1989), Lausanne, Institut Benjamin Constant ; Paris, J. Touzot, 1991, 186 p.
- Biancamaria Fontana, Benjamin Constant and the Post-Revolutionary Mind (1991. Yale U.P., New Haven – London)
- Luca Fezzi, Il rimpianto di Roma. 'Res publica', libertà 'neoromane' e Benjamin Constant, agli inizi del terzo millennio (2012, Firenze, Le Monnier)
- Gauchet, Marcel. "Constant," in A Critical Dictionary of the French Revolution, ed. François Furet and Mona Ozouf (1989), 924
- Henri Guillemin, Benjamin Constant, muscadin, Paris, Gallimard, 1958
- Kurt Kloocke, Benjamin Constant. Une biographie intellectuelle (1984. Droz, Genève)
- Giovanni Paoletti, Benjamin Constant et les Anciens. Politique, réligion, histoire (2006. Champion, Paris)
- Helena Rosenblatt, 'Eclipses and Revivals: Constant's Reception in France and America (1830–2007)', in The Cambridge Companion to Constant, ed. H. Rosenblatt (2009. University Press, Cambridge), pp. 351–77.
- Gustave Rudler, La jeunesse de Benjamin Constant, 1767–1794. Le disciple du XVIIIe siècle. Utilitarisme et pessimisme. Madame de Charrière. Paris, A. Colin, 1909. 542 p.
- Tzvetan Todorov, Benjamin Constant: la passion democratique (1997. Hachette, Paris)
- Vincent, K. Steven, "Benjamin Constant and the Birth of French Liberalism" (2011).
- Vincent, K. Steven (2013). "The Liberalism of Sismondi and Constant". The European Legacy. 18 (7): 912–916. doi:10.1080/10848770.2013.839497.
- Dennis Wood, Benjamin Constant: A Biography (1993).
- David Cecil, 'Adolphe', in David Cecil, Poets And Story-Tellers A Book of Critical Essays (1949), pp. 139–52
- Hart, David (2008). "Constant, Benjamin (1767–1830)". Dalam Hamowy, Ronald. The Encyclopedia of Libertarianism. Thousand Oaks, CA: SAGE; Cato Institute. hlm. 97–98. doi:10.4135/9781412965811.n63. ISBN 978-1-4129-6580-4. LCCN 2008009151. OCLC 750831024.
Pranala luar
sunting
Wikimedia Commons memiliki media mengenai Benjamin Constant.
Wikiquote memiliki koleksi kutipan yang berkaitan dengan: Benjamin Constant.
"Constant de Rebecque, Henri Benjamin". Encyclopædia Britannica. 6 (edisi ke-11). 1911.- Publikasi oleh dan mengenai Benjamin Constant dalam katalog Helveticat di Perpustakaan Nasional Swiss
- Karya Benjamin Constant di Project Gutenberg
- Karya oleh/tentang Benjamin Constant di Internet Archive (pencarian dioptimalkan untuk situs non-Beta)
- Institut Benjamin Constant homepage
- Rebecq liberal
- Intellectual portrait of B. C. by Emile Faguet (in French)
- The Liberty of the Ancients Compared with that of the Moderns (1816)
- Principles of Politics Applicable to All Governments
- Lecture on ancient and modern liberty contains a readable version for contemporary students
- (Inggris) Benjamin Constant Original name: Benjamin Henri Constant de Rebecque di Find a Grave
