Persekutuan Romawi Timur–Mongol

Persekutuan Romawi Timur–Mongol^[2] terjadi pada akhir abad ke-13 dan permulaan abad ke-14 antara Kekaisaran Romawi Timur dan Kekaisaran Mongol. Romawi Timur sebenarnya berusaha untuk memajukan hubungan persahabatan dengan Gerombolan Emas dan kerajaan Ilkhanat, yang sering kali perang satu sama lain. Persekutuan tersebut melibatkan sejumlah pertukaran, kerja sama militer dan hubungan perkawinan, tetapi dihentikan pada pertengahan abad ke-14.

Kekaisaran Mongol berbatasan dengan Kekaisaran Romawi Timur selama beberapa dasawarsa sekitar 1265.^[1]

Lihat pula

Invasi Mongol ke Anatolia

Referensi

Kutipan

^ Shepherd, William R. Historical Atlas, 1911.
^
- Sicker, p. 132.
- Dagron et al., p. 309. "…agreed to prolong the Byzantine-Mongol (Iranian) alliance."
- Jackson, pp. 202–203. "From 1273 Michael allied with Noghai, giving him an illegitimate daughter in marriage and using him as a means to put pressure on Bulgaria."

Sumber

Gilbert Dagron, Brigitte Mondrain, Vincent Deroche, and Jean-Claude Cheynet. XXe Congrès international des études Byzantines: Collège de France - Sorbonne, 19 - 25 août 2001: pré-actes: XXe Congrès international des études Byzantines, Collège de France-Sorbonne, 19-25 août 2001. Comité d'organization du XXe Congrès international des études Byzantines, Collège de France, 2001, ISBN 2-9517158-0-3.
Heath, Ian and McBride, Angus. Byzantine Armies: AD 1118–1461. Osprey Publishing, 1995, ISBN 1-85532-347-8.
Nicol, Donald MacGillivray. The Last Centuries of Byzantium, 1261–1453. Cambridge University Press, 1993, ISBN 0-521-43991-4.
Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium. Oxford University Press, 1991.
Cheynet, Jean-Claude and Vannier, Jean-François. "Les premiers Paléologues". Etudes prosopographiques. Publications de la Sorbonne, 1986, ISBN 2-85944-110-7.
Richard, Jean. Histoire des Croisades [History of the Crusades]. Paris: Editions Fayard, 1996.
Jackson, Peter. The Mongols and the West, 1221-1410. Pearson Longman, 2005, ISBN 0-582-36896-0.
Luisetto, Frédéric. Arméniens & autres Chrétiens d'Orient sous la domination Mongole (in French). Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner S.A., 2007, ISBN 978-2-7053-3791-9.
Sicker, Martin. The Islamic World in Ascendancy: From the Arab Conquests to the Siege of Vienna. Greenwood Publishing Group, 2000, ISBN 0-275-96892-8.
Canal, Denis-Armand and Runciman, Steven. Histoire des Croisades [History of the Crusades]. Editions Dagorno, 1998, ISBN 2-910019-45-4.
Artikel ini menyertakan teks dari suatu terbitan yang sekarang berada pada ranah publik: Chisholm, Hugh, ed. (1911). "perlu nama artikel ". Encyclopædia Britannica (edisi ke-11). Cambridge University Press.

[1] Shepherd, William R. Historical Atlas, 1911.

[2] 
Sicker, p. 132.

Dagron et al., p. 309. "…agreed to prolong the Byzantine-Mongol (Iranian) alliance."

Jackson, pp. 202–203. "From 1273 Michael allied with Noghai, giving him an illegitimate daughter in marriage and using him as a means to put pressure on Bulgaria."

[3] Sicker, p. 132.

[4] Dagron et al., p. 309. "…agreed to prolong the Byzantine-Mongol (Iranian) alliance."

[5] Jackson, pp. 202–203. "From 1273 Michael allied with Noghai, giving him an illegitimate daughter in marriage and using him as a means to put pressure on Bulgaria."

[2]

[1]