Al-Musta'in (Kairo)

Abu'l-Faḍli Abbas Al-Musta'in Billah (ca 1390 – Februari atau Maret 1430) ^[1] adalah khalifah "sementara" dari Dinasti Abbasiyah di Kairo yang ke-10, yang berkuasa dari tahun 1406 hingga 1414. Kekhalifahan Abbasiyah di Kairo berada di bawah perlindungan Kesultanan Mamluk, dan Al-Musta'in adalah satu-satunya Khalifah Abbasiyah yang sekaligus menjadi Sultan Mamluk,^[2] ^[3] meskipun jabatan itu hanya dia pegang pada tahun 1412 sekitar enam bulan. Semua khalifah Abbasiyah di Kairo tidak memiliki kekuasaan wilayah, namun hanya bersifat simbolis. ^[4]

Referensi

^ Holt (1993). The Encyclopaedia of Islam: New Edition. VII (Mif – Naz) (edisi ke-2nd). E.J. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-09419-2.
^ King, Joan Wucher (1989) [First published 1984]. Historical Dictionary of Egypt. Books of Lasting Value. American University in Cairo Press. hlm. 453–454. ISBN 978-977-424-213-7.
^ Arnold (1993). Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor, ed. E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936. IV (ʿItḳ – Kwaṭṭa) (edisi ke-Reprinted 1st). E.J. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-09790-2.
^ Singh, Nagendra Kumar, ed. (2002). International Encyclopaedia of Islamic Dynasties. New Delhi: Anmol Publications. hlm. 199. ISBN 978-81-261-0403-1. These Caliphs were the spiritual heads only. All temporal authority lay with the Mamluk Sultans. [...] In 1412 C.E. the Caliph Al Mustain captured temporal power as well, but he could not hold such power for more than six months. The Caliphs who followed him had to remain content as spiritual heads only.

[Holt2-1] Holt (1993). The Encyclopaedia of Islam: New Edition. VII (Mif – Naz) (edisi ke-2nd). E.J. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-09419-2.

[King2-2] King, Joan Wucher (1989) [First published 1984]. Historical Dictionary of Egypt. Books of Lasting Value. American University in Cairo Press. hlm. 453–454. ISBN 978-977-424-213-7.

[3] Arnold (1993). Houtsma, Martijn Theodoor, ed. E.J. Brill's First Encyclopaedia of Islam, 1913–1936. IV (ʿItḳ – Kwaṭṭa) (edisi ke-Reprinted 1st). E.J. Brill. ISBN 978-90-04-09790-2.

[4] Singh, Nagendra Kumar, ed. (2002). International Encyclopaedia of Islamic Dynasties. New Delhi: Anmol Publications. hlm. 199. ISBN 978-81-261-0403-1. These Caliphs were the spiritual heads only. All temporal authority lay with the Mamluk Sultans. [...] In 1412 C.E. the Caliph Al Mustain captured temporal power as well, but he could not hold such power for more than six months. The Caliphs who followed him had to remain content as spiritual heads only.

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